Having infamously "thrown in the bearish towel" late last year (must read) [19], Hugh Hendry's Eclectica fund has not enjoyed the kind of money-printing melt-up euphoria he had hoped for in 2014. According to his August letter to investors, the fund is -10.9% year-to-date, shrinking the firm's performance since inception to a mere +0.7%. His positions are intriguing but his commentary can be summed with this sentence alone, "when central banks are actively pursuing a goal of higher prices the most rational course is to tenaciously remain invested in equities." And so he is...
Via Eclectica's Hugh Hendry,
Performance Summary
The Fund lost -1.2% in August.
[20]
The best performing strategies were those within the Short EM theme which made +0.4% in aggregate, led by our long Mexican Peso/short Chilean Peso holding (a component of the “good versus bad” EM FX strategy) which performed well on evidence of a continued slowdown in the Chilean economy leading to interest rate cuts.
Additional gains came from our Russian FX short, which we have traded tactically throughout the course of the year. Having begun 2014 short the ruble as a result of our concerns regarding the health of the Russian economy, the situation in eastern Ukraine has provided an additional catalyst.
Within the China theme (which gave back -0.2% during the month), we initiated a tactical long position in the Hang Seng China Enterprises Index via call options. This reflects our view that the Chinese Government will underwrite the domestic banking system. Furthermore, the authorities have embarked on a coordinated push to encourage investment in Chinese stocks, both through increasing domestic interest and by further opening the market to international investors through the Hong Kong – Shanghai stock connect. With Chinese stock valuations and sentiment at rock bottom the potential is there for a strong outperformance.
Gains from holdings in European pharma and global internet companies were insufficient to offset losses incurred during the early part of the month on European index positioning and peripheral equities as the Long DM component returned - 1.1% in aggregate.
In Japan, Nikkei futures were the main drag on performance as, in contrast with equity markets elsewhere, the index fell - 1.3% after three consecutive months of gains. The total return for the theme was -0.6%. Elsewhere, our holding in the US 30 year Treasury generated a return of +0.6% as geopolitical events ensured that demand for “safe” assets held up and speculation regarding further ECB intervention made the yield on US bonds look relatively appealing.
[21]
Manager Commentary
We should have done better in August. We shuffled our equity cards rather than buying more into the weakness. This has prompted us to rethink our book.
As we have said previously, the global macro environment continues to be defined by a historically tepid recovery from the depths of the 2008 contraction. And this demand-light, low inflation recovery has been met by a wholesale purging of those public officials charged with running the largest central banks.
The presence of Draghi and not Weber, Trichet or Duisenberg (or in Japan Shirakawa, or an American hawk such as John Taylor) helps to explain why the German, Japanese and American stock markets all rose 30% in dollar terms last year. It also helps explains why, with the European recovery wilting and medium term inflation expectations making new lows, the ECB found the wherewithal to ease further. With European stock prices down over 10% during the summer, the central bank eased policy considerably and stock prices are rising once more. Clearly this marks a monumental shift in Europe: the once austere German based central bank has jettisoned its tradition and is explicitly targeting higher prices.
The same could be said about Japan. Japan’s recovery has been shaken by the consumption tax hike and any further economic weakness will most likely be met by further monetary accommodation. Again, price weakness has presented an opportunity to buy. Japan’s stock market had fallen 15% earlier this year, today it is not far from challenging its previous high. When central banks are actively pursuing a goal of higher prices the most rational course is to tenaciously remain invested in equities.
Following this latest announcement of policy easing in Europe we have been actively accumulating more equities. In mid-September, we are currently long 107% equities, with 25% invested in the Nikkei, a further 10% invested in European stock indices and 8% equivalent exposure from short dated options on China’s Hang Seng China Enterprises Index, not to mention a further 63% invested in an equity book that spans Europe’s largest pharmaceutical franchises, Japan’s robotic machinery businesses and a global internet basket.
That is not all. We also have a further 6bps DV01 exposure to receiving rates, predominantly long dated Treasuries. The reasoning is similar to our equity book. Central banks seem capable of expanding their price setting franchise to establish nominal rates low enough to support the tepid global recovery. We have simply cherry picked anomalous rates where market prices are not consistent with this view that very low rates are required to ensure that domestic expansions are sustained.
* * *
As Hendry concluded previously, [19]
Where will it all end?
Remarkably, the aftershocks of Japan's volte-face seemed to catch American policy makers out. In May, the Fed, convinced that its QE program had succeeded in re-distributing global GDP away from China and towards the US economy, began signalling its intent to taper its easy money by autumn. However, with 10-year Treasury rates having moved from 1.75% to 3% and its fourth largest trading paltrier having devalued by 20% since the previous November, the anticipated vigorous domestic American growth never actually materialised; it was captured instead by the new and even looser monetary policy of Japan. Yet again the reflexive loop had worked to sustain the monetary momentum that is feeding global stock markets. And the not so all-knowing Fed? It had to shock market expectations in October by removing the immediacy of its tighter policy and stock markets rebounded higher. Where will this all end? Can it ever end?
There are multiple possible outcomes. The one markets are most vulnerable too is the re-emergence of bullish bankers. They could lend such that the consumer boom in the US and Europe finally sparks and in doing so provoke the Fed to finally tighten policy. That would spook developed market equities but not as much as you might think - they will have the palliative of the stronger GDP growth. Emerging market equities are closer to the edge of a bubble and could prove more susceptible to a greater drawdown owing to the fragilities of their debt fuelled economies. But for now, the re-emergence of risk-seeking bankers fuelling a lending boom in the West seems remote. We aren't too worried about it. In Europe for instance the banking system has an estimated 2.6trn euros of deleveraging (circa 30% of GDP) still to complete, having shed 3.5trn euros already.
So we are happy to run a long developed market stock position with a short hedge composed of emerging market equity futures. We are running an unhedged long in Japanese equities as our wild bullish card (we have, of course, hedged the currency).
It seems then to us that the most likely outcome is that America and Europe remain resilient without booming. But with monetary policy set so much too loose it is inevitable that we will continue to witness mini-economic cycles that convince investors that economies are escaping stall speed and that policy rates are likely to rise. This will scare markets - and emerging markets in particular - but it won't actually materialise: stronger growth in one part of the world on the back of easier policy will be countered by even looser policy elsewhere (the much fabled "currency wars"). So market expectations of tighter policy will always be rescinded and emerging markets will recover rather than crash. Developed markets just keep trending positively against this background - and might accelerate. Remember what we said about 1928 and 1998 at the beginning.
Just be long. Pretty much anything.
So here's how I understand things now that I am no longer the last bear standing. You should buy equities if you believe many European banks and their sovereign paymasters are insolvent. You should buy shares if you put a higher probability than your peers on the odds of a European democracy rejecting the euro over the course of the next few years. You should be long risk assets if you believe China will have lowered its growth rate from 7% to nearer 5% over the course of the next two years. You should be long US equities if you are worried about the failure of Washington to address its fiscal deficits. And you should buy Japanese assets if you fear that Abenomics will fail to restore the fortunes of Japan (which it probably won't). Hey this is easy...
And then it crashed
I have not completely lost my senses of course. Eclectica remain strong believers in the most powerful force in the universe - compounding positive returns - and avoiding large losses is crucial to achieving this.
We have built a reputation for getting the calls right in the difficult space that is macro investing, which has served us and our clients well during both trending bull markets and times of crisis. Today, of course, the market is "golden" which is to say that the 50 day price trend is above the 200 day. But remember that during those forays into the "dead-zone", years like 2008 and 2011 when equity markets crashed, Eclectica performed handsomely. I like to think therefore that I own an alpha crisis management franchise that has rewarded our investors at limes of stock market stress.
