World Gold Council

For today's installment we'll take a look at the debt:gold ratio for the PIIGS countries to see who puts the IG in PIIGS (perhaps you've already guessed). the ratio represents the multiple by which the country's debt exceeds its gold holdings. To an optimist, a high ratio means that the rest of the world has great confidence in the economy of the country in question. To a pessimist, a high ratio means the country is ruined. At a quick glance, it appears that Italy is no worse off than America--assuming that both countries actually have the gold the World Gold Council claims they have. Italy may have trouble getting theirs from New York, if that is where it is. Notice the decline in the ratio over the past decade--that is a reflection of the rising price of gold, not a decline in these nations' debts. Debt has increased over the past decade. The price of gold has apparently risen more. So does this mean these countries are becoming solvent? Can a rising price of gold solve our economic woes? Historically, a decline in this ratio can been used by governments to justify monetary expansion, particularly if it happened during an episode of such expansion. Why not? The improvement of the ratio suggests that the government isn't printing enough. The destruction of the value of the currency (and the country's debt) begins to occur faster than the rate of monetary creation (thus the label in the US graph "Ben proposes, the Market disposes"). The government counters this by printing faster, but the destruction of the currency's value is faster still.

There continues to be no coverage of silver in the non specialist financial media and little coverage of silver in the specialist financial media. However, both the Financial Times and Bloomberg cover silver today which might be a harbinger of short term weakness. The majority of articles on silver are bearish and most bank analysts remain bearish on silver again in 2012 – as they have been in recent years. Prices will average $37.50/ounce in Q4, according to a survey of 13 analysts by Bloomberg. The lack of coverage of silver and consequent “animal spirits” in the silver market is of course bullish from a contrarian perspective. Analysts look set to get the silver market wrong again as recent rocketing industrial demand for silver, from solar panels to batteries to medical applications and growing investor demand for coins, and small & large bars is “diminishing a supply surplus” according to Nicholas Larkin of Bloomberg.  This has led to silver’s best January gains in 30 years with silver up over 20% from below $28/oz to nearly $34/oz. Barclay's estimates that manufacturers will need a 2.5% increase of the metric tons used last year and investment demand continues to grow due to risks posed by both inflation and systemic risks. Silver supply shortages are something we and other analysts who are bullish on silver have been warning of for some time. This is because the silver market is small versus the gold market and tiny versus equity, bond, currency and derivative markets.  This is why we believe silver should rise to well over its nominal recent and 1980 high of $50/oz in the coming months.

Investors are waiting on the outcome of a 2 day Federal Reserve meeting which ends on Wednesday.  Here they are following any signs that interest rates will remain low, as that could put pressure on the U.S. dollar. The Tokyo Commodity Exchange, December, gold contracts climbed as high as 4,167 yen/gram, its biggest gain since mid-December. The gains initially propelled cash gold even though trading was slow during the Lunar New Year break. Japan has been notably absent in the gold market in recent years. This may be changing as concerns about the Japanese economy and continuing debasement of the yen may be leading to Japanese diversification into gold.  The scale of domestic savings in Japan remains enormous. This would be a new and potentially extremely important source of demand in the gold market which could help contribute to much higher gold prices. 

The duty hike in India has decreased gold prices by 1% in Mumbai as the rupee gained 0.5% against the dollar. Some jewellers think the recent duty may slow down demand and may result in a decrease in imports from the official channels of about thirty banks.  The increased tax may also lead to a tertiary market where people trade amongst themselves and not through dealers. Traders still do not see the hike dampening the demand for the yellow metal.  India is the world’s largest importer of gold and its households have the largest holdings of the metal, according to data from the World Gold Council, although Chinese households appear to be catching up in their purchases of gold.

Gold coin purchases gained 13% last year and will increase 2.7% in the first half. Purchases of gold bars increased by 36% to nearly 2,000 (1,194) metric tonnes, concentrated in China, Germany, Switzerland and Austria. East Asia demand for gold bars rose 53% to 456 metric tonnes. India rose 9% to 297 metric tonnes and western markets demand for gold bars rose 41% to 335 metric tonnes. Central banks increased net purchases by a massive fivefold to 430 tons last year, and may buy another 90 tons in the first half, GFMS said. Combined official holdings stand at 30,788.9 tons, data from the London-based World Gold Council show. “Attitudes among central banks haven’t really changed,” Thomson Reuters GFMS annual survey said. “There’s still that desire to come into the gold market to diversify some of the assets away from foreign exchange and to boost gold holdings.” The Thomson Reuters GFMS annual gold survey also predicts that gold will struggle in the first half of the year, increasing in the later half towards $2,000. It also says the gold bull market is losing steam and predicts an end to the run as economies recover next year and interest rates begin to rise.

The run into Chinese Lunar New Year has again seen higher than expected Chinese demand for gold and China's voracious appetite for gold is surprising even analysts who are positive about gold. As Chinese people's disposable incomes gain and concerns grow over inflation and equity and property markets, Chinese consumers and investors are turning to gold as a long term investment hedge. There is informed speculation that commercial Chinese banks may have taken advantage of the recent price dip to build stocks of coins and bars and accumulate bullion. China's demand for physical gold bullion has rocketed past India with the country now overtaking India in the third quarter as the largest gold jewellery market according to the World Gold Council. There is also informed speculation that some of the buying was from the People's Bank of China with one analyst telling Bloomberg that “there is always the possibility that some purchases were made by the central bank.”

The public comment period for the CFTC's proposed position limit rule has come and gone. It should come as no surprise to anyone (and particularly those transfixed by the massive surges in various commodities, among them most certainly gold and silver) that what is at stake here is not some actual position limit definition and subsequent regulation and enforcement (although that most certainly is), but yet another challenge to the klepocratic status quo which naturally prefers the status quo to remain as is, and public interests, which seeing 100% moves in the price of grain, cotton, corn, and other commodities, would obviously prefer to reign in speculative fervor. At the end of the day, Wall Street will find loopholes in whatever the end rule is as it always does, but the polemic on the way there is quite interesting. Which is why having combed through some of the last minute public comment submissions (of which there were 5,561 in total at last check), we present some of the most indicative ones: one the one hand that of Carl "Shitty Deal" Levin, Chair of the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, who obviously is for the most prompt implementation of position limits as envisioned in Dodd Frank, and on the other hand institutional money managers and traders such as PIMCO, Morgan Stanley, the World Gold Council, and, naturally, Goldman Sachs (oddly, we have yet to track down the response by one JP Morgan). We present these for our readers' perusal below.

The world gold council has released its quarterly comprehensive investment digest, as usual chock full of actual data, and not just anti-gold speculation based on myth. Probably most relevant are the core facts: "The gold price rose by 29% in 2010. By comparison the S&P Goldman Sachs Commodities Index (S&P GSCI) rose by 20%, the S&P 500 rose by 13%, the MSCI World ex US Index increased by 6% in US dollar terms, and the Barclays US Treasuries Aggregate Index rose only by 6% over the year." The main reason for the jump: excess supply of paper currency alternatives, and surging investor demand. And while the recent pull back has been primarily driven by the flawed assumption that the Fed will not monetize any more debt and pump the "Yucca Mountain" of excess reserves (it will), many forget that the demand is actually still there. The chart below confirm this, and provide some other observations on the gold market.

The WGC has released its complete Third Quarter gold market outlook. To summarize: major demand is seen out of China and India, whose surging populations will buy ever more PM due to "rising income levels, high savings rates and strong economic growth." Demand is seen coming from the jewelry sector, as well as from institutions, including central banks, and a jump in industrial demand "on the back of renewed growth in the electronics industry, due to the majority of semi-conductors being wired by gold." Nonetheless, even as demand continues growing, supply is rising as well: "On the supply side, we reiterate our projection that total mine supply is likely to trend higher. This is due to mine project expansions, a ramping up of production to meet the recovery in gold demand and the diminishing scope for producer de-hedging in 2010. Higher supply is also expected to come from China, Australia and US, although this may be partially offset by lower output from countries such as South Africa and Peru due to declining ore grades and rising costs." Ultimately, the only important question is whether QE will ever end. Anything less than a Yes answer, means there is virtually no upside limit to gold, absent an occasional correction.

Nothing too surprising in the WGC's Q3 Gold update report: "The gold price continued its upward trend during Q3 2010, ending the quarter at US$1,307.00/oz, on the London PM fi x, 5.1% higher quarter-on-quarter. Gold’s average volatility of 13.2% in Q3 was not only lower than previous quarters but remained below that of equity and commodity indices. Concerns over the health of economic growth in the developed world, quantitative easing, continued purchases from central banks in emerging markets, healthy jewellery consumption in regions like China and usage in technological applications have all ensured that gold remains a sought after asset...The WGC expects demand to pick-up further in Q4 on the back of the main festive season. In China and Hong Kong, the gold market appears to have maintained its strong momentum, suggesting continued positive growth during Q3 2010 relative to year-earlier levels. Sales by European central banks remained negligible while their counterparts in emerging markets continued to increase their gold reserves.." Nothing but bullishness here.

Rumors of Gold's imminent death in a liquidation-driven collapse continue to be greatly exaggerated, and in fact the shiny metal continues to perform inversely to stocks, which take on ever more water, and is a confirmation that the market expects continued dollar destruction courtesy of the Marriner Eccles residents. And courtesy of the World Gold Council's just released Gold Demand Trends update, there is an explosion in demand for the precious metal which will likely not cease any time soon: in a nutshell, in Q2 demand for gold surged by 36% from 770 tonnes to 1,050 tonnes: a huge move, and one which solidifies the thesis for a fundamental rise in gold, aside from all the talk that gold is now just a backstop to Central Bank idiocy. Lastly, the WGC sees a huge demand coming out of Chinese consumers for gold in the future which will provide a constant bid floor: "Recent developments in China are likely to have positive longer-term implications for this increasingly important market. The PBoC, together with five other ministries/regulators published a proposal to improve the development of the domestic gold market, (“The Proposals for Promoting the Development of the Gold Market”). This further reinforces the WGC’s view that there is huge potential for gold ownership to increase among Chinese consumers, in a market with tight domestic supply, as discussed in our China Gold Report – Year of the Tiger, March 2010." And the firm's conclusion on demand trends: "As demonstrated earlier, gold’s relevance as a preserver of wealth is
enduring, even in conditions of relative economic optimism, since
historically gold has a capacity to provide investors with both
confidence and a sure and steady means of enhancing the consistency of
their returns." So what was the bear case on gold again?

A modest bout of profit taking in gold, in big part driven by hedge fund liquidations at the end of Q2, has pushed spot price by less than 7% from the all time high, and a variety of bears have crawled out of the woodwork screaming the end of the gold bull market. In the grand scheme of thing this is rather myopic. It was precisely the same quantitative easing the provided the impetus for gold's straight line rise from just over $800 to $1270 in the span of a year as faith in the future of monetary currencies has progressively disappeared, that will serve as the springboard for the next major move higher: and with the Fed now days away from announcing some iteration of its brand new monetization scheme, the days where gold can be purchased cheap may be ending. For those still relatively new to the gold market below is a useful recap of the major developments for the world's best performing asset in Q2 courtesy of the World Gold Council.

Full report

"The World Gold Council believes that with ongoing uncertainties surrounding the US dollar and the Euro, the search for alternative international asset choices within the central bank sector should clearly involve consideration of gold.Q1 net sales of 15 tonnes were very modest in comparison with historical averages. The IMF was the main contributor, with sales of 24.1 tonnes during the course of the quarter falling well within the limits of the Central Bank Gold Agreement (CBGA). The Fund remains committed to its aim of ensuring that its sales are not disruptive to the gold market. Sales among other CBGA signatories were nonexistent, while outside of the agreement, net purchases were concentrated in Russia, where the central bank continued its programme of steady accumulation." - World Gold Council

The rush for money debasement around the world has escaped nobody's attention, and as a result the one undilutable commodity (unless everyone demands physical delivery at the same time) gold has seen investors around the world scramble to get their hands on the commodity, either in physical form or via ETFs. The World Gold Council has released its Q1 2010 update, according to which "Investors bought 5.6 net tonnes of gold via exchange traded funds (ETFs) in Q1 2010." This has brought the total amount of gold in monitored ETFs hit a new record of 1,768 tonnes ($63.4 billion worth of the shiny metal). Some more on the unquenchable demand for gold: "GFMS reports that the over-the-counter market saw a moderate increase in net demand during the first quarter. Meanwhile, previously existing long positions have generally continued to be very firmly held. Net long positions on gold futures contracts, a proxy for the more speculative investment, fell from the highs experienced in Q4 2009, but they remain high by historical standards." Despite the persistently high price of gold, and despite the strength of the dollar over the past quarter, demand for gold is not going away.

After releasing its Gold Investment Digest last week, which is merely a summary piece of prevailing observations, the World Gold Council today released its much more detailed Q4 and 2009 Gold Demand Trends report (somewhat of a misnomer as it also has an extended supply discussion). The report's summary disclosure: "The volume of total identifiable gold demand during 2009 was down 11% on 2008 levels at 3,385.8 tonnes. In $US value terms, the two years were broadly on par. Tonnage demand in Q4 was down 24% on Q4 2008, equivalent to a 5% rise in $US value terms. If we add the less visible side of investment, total tonnage demand in 2009 enjoyed an 11% rise over 2008 levels." Bottom line - despite materially higher YoY prices, adjusted demand for gold increased over 2008. Surely the Tim Geithener/Ben Bernanke duo can sympathize with this phenomenon.