HFT

The recent focus on the dangers of HFT algos gone wild was validated earlier today when the NYSE slapped Credit Suisse with a massive $150,000 fee for "failing to adequately supervise development, deployment and operation of proprietary algorithm, including failure to implement procedures to monitor certain modifications made to algorithm." The action involved Credit Suisse algorithm known as SmartWB, implemented by the Swiss firm in 2007, whose function is to "examine the closing imbalances of various exchanges and to attempt to trade profitably based on the algorithm’s assessment of the imbalances and other market data." Yet on November 14, 2007, something went wrong... In fact quite a few somethings...

"Computerized algorithmic market making works in any type of oscillating market, as the computer can keep flipping out of it’s longs, and covering it’s shorts. It works in a trending market, as long as there is some type of choppy trade. The problem lies, when the computer system can’t flip out of the position. Most algorithmic systems are programmed with some type of risk parameter. If this risk parameter is breached, the computer will dump it’s position and cut it’s losses. This is what may have happened in RMBS today. An algorithmic system making markets on the long side, got too long, and was unable to wiggle out of the position because of the follow-through in selling pressure. Once it was down so much in the position (the risk parameter was breached), it dumped. This simply added fuel to the fire. That is why the sudden plunge to $16 happened. If you check the chart, you will not see this, because Nasdaq busted all trades under $22. But don’t kid yourself, these trades happened, and we should be very alarmed, because it will happen again, and it may happen to the entire stock market." Dennis Dick, Stock Trading

The SEC's highly overpaid bureaucrats will have to wake up early next Wednesday and read all the Goldman Sachs pamphlets on what a bid ask spread is, what predatory algos are, and why HFTs have hijacked the market in order to sound somewhat intelligent at a "Sunshine Act" hearing on high frequency trading, dark liquidity and sponsored access. Being insufferably worthless Wall Street puppets, the hearing will achieve nothing, and will be followed by a Sunset Act hearing in a few years, where a post mortem of all that could have been accomplished, but wasn't, will be eulogized, together with aremembrance of America's once alive capital markets.

Some recapitulating thoughts on High Frequency Trading, in the year in which HFT probably became the primary market dynamic, courtesy of Themis Trading's Joe Saluzzi. "A NYSE study done recently indicates that spreads shrunk and liquidity was increased in large cap names, but in the small to mid-cap names it is just the opposite: liquidity has shrunk and volatility has increased because now you have predatory action." Yet with everyone trading just a few key stock purely on momentum trends, and everything else rising or falling on the beta wave, nobody will care until, again, it is too late.

With the role of HFT in stocks being actively investigated thanks to Senator Kaufman's ongoing crusade against a two-tiered market, the spotlight has shifted toward High Frequency Trading strategies in options, where now the exchanges themselves are evaluating whether HFT traders are benefiting from their two-tiered role as both a preferential customer and a market maker, however one, having no obligations to create a market, when things turn ugly. A report by Dow Jones titled "Influx Of High-Frequency Traders Prompt New Rules In Options" notes that "options exchanges are drafting new policies to address the ever-expanding role of high-frequency traders in their markets. The policies aim to eliminate some of the advantages that high-frequency traders currently have over professional options market-makers, representing an attempt by the exchanges to level the playing field between these two huge players in the options market and to maintain the orderly functioning of the market." As more transparency is shone on every market dominated by this now-pervasive paradigm, especially with regulators woefully behind the curve, the latest development in the ongoing unmasking of various HFT strategies will only benefit the broader markets.

Dark pool operators, who have quietly been redirecting shady order flow via dark pools of "liquidity" with minimal supervision and below the radar for many years, are getting spooked by a proposed SEC rule which would have these same dark pools identifying their trades in real time, thus removing the benefits associated with what is effectively an OTC equities market. Their response: blame it all on the HFT guys, who use the information that would leak to front-run the crap out of the "long-onlies." Yet weren't these same HFTs claiming just yesterday that all they do is provide liquidity and tighten spreads? ... Someone is lying.

"We will continue to use all tools at our disposal to aggressively pursue illegal market manipulation by high frequency traders and others." Mary Schapiro

But we thought manipulation by HFT only existed in the deranged brains of certain fringe websites. How is that possible?

The following clip from Tabb Group (and accompanying report which we hope to post shortly), provides some much needed color on what has been the source of some serious head-scratching lately: completely irreconcilable action between spot and futures trading, especially in some core market ETF and corresponding futures (see PragCap's recent post on this). As Tabb's Adam Sussman points out "Automation is not just a way to capture alpha anymore, but in some cases is a source of alpha itself." In other words, if you can't join in, and you really cant, the best you can hope for is to ride the occasional beta wave here and there. Just make sure you fall off the board first when the wave is about to crash.

"The futures are getting gunned on massive volume without any coinciding volume in SPY. This means an institution is jamming the futures higher knowing that they can drive the market higher on no volume."

and

"The results of low transaction-cost Casino Capitalism are that short-term, high-frequency traders are squeezing out long-term investors, the listed market for public companies is in decline, and this decline is taking the U.S. economy with it."

If you have been wondering why Rentec, GETCO, Citadel and Highbridge are sweating these days, it is because the SEC is preparing to finally remove the rock they all crawl under as they execute millions of trades each and every second. As Traders Magazine reports, "the Securities and Exchange Commission, in an effort to get more information about high-frequency trading, plans to dust off an old statute that allows it to require large traders to "self-identify" themselves. As part of the plan, the SEC will propose a rule implementing a large trader reporting system for non-broker-dealers." So if you see any particularly abnormal market behavior these days, don't be surprised if it is simply due to Jimbo and Kenny doing all the can to pocket last any minute revenue before the hammer comes crashing down.

One has to admire Senator Kaufman's persistence. Yet with the market now going back to massively inflated levels which reflect nothing but excess Fed-subsidized liquidity, and with the general population having again forgotten that a year ago on November 21 2008 the world seemed like it was going to end (and SRS hitting several hundred dollars per share), the window to speak to sympathetic ears that actually care may have closed. It will open again, of course, but by then it will be too late.

The United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing & Urban Affairs is currently holding an extended hearing on Market Structure Issues, where Senator Kaufman is presenting currently. Link to live webcast can be found here

In a surprising outcome, Securities Industry News reports that according to a research survey conducted by Greenwich Associates, 55% of investors think high-frequency trading does not have a negative impact on their trading operations, "viewing the phenomenon as the latest development in a constantly evolving market," while 46% think that their institutions are placed at a disadvantage by traders who employ such strategies. Basically, the conclusion, before we disclose more of the study's observations, is that practically nobody has any idea what is really under the HFT surface. With an equal number of advocates and critics, confusion is rampant (and for some of the more vocal HFTsupporters who believe the NBBO is never crossed and displayed liquidity is always protected, we have three words: you are wrong... More on that and "qualified contingent orders" tomorrow).

While certainly no Medallion (in anything but iambic pentameter), it appears that recently notorious and soon defunct hedge fund Galleon has been dabbling, among other things, in statistical arbitrage. One wonders if Moody's has been instrumental in providing the firm with any good VWAP "hot tips." Oddly, the firm's stat arb fund has performed an impressive 18% YTD, and had recorded just one down month in the past year. Perhaps the Feds should take a quick look at this particular strategy and discover how it has generated 64% since inception on a Jim Simons drool-inducing 0.96 sharpe, especially with such broad M/N indices as the HSKAX and HFRXEMN about to wiped out with impunity due to constituent underperformance.

It is only fitting that on the 22nd anniversary of Black Monday, the commentator is none other than the Chairman of the SEC at the time, David Ruder. While Ruder provides perspectives on what is presumed pervasive insider trading as it relates to Galleon and otherwise, such as the ability by the SEC to use wiretaps when doing an investigation in concert with the US Attorney's office, the real critical message from Ruder is the systemic risk associated with hedge fund groputhink, or a massive position held by numerous hedge funds that turns out to be wrong, best seen it in the basis trade blow up, the Volkswagen short squeeze and the Citigroup exchange offer.