Japan

Investors are understandably scared of the sovereign debt crisis unfolding in Europe. Amid their angst, however, they are ignoring a more likely, and significantly larger, debt catastrophe that is about to hit the nation with the second-largest economy in the world — Japan. Two decades of stimulative, low-interest-rate fiscal policy have made Japan the most indebted nation in the developed world, and as new Prime Minister Naoto Kan recently said, in his first address to Parliament, that situation is not sustainable. Japan has little choice but to raise interest rates substantially, with dire consequences far beyond its shores.

 I have not written articles in a few months, except for the one I wrote for the July issue of Institutional Investor magazine, on Japan (I’ll post a link once the magazine comes out)..  I am sure Freud, after spending a few minutes in my subconscious, would provide some disturbing explanations.  But as Freud said, sometimes a cigar is just a cigar.  I've just been enjoying summer with my family.  

Not even the Japanese want to buy their own stocks, with foreign institutions accounting for up to 60% of trading volume on a good day. Local investors would much rather buy emerging market funds, currency funds, bond funds, anything but their own equities. This explains the miserable 1.15% yield investors get on ten year JGB’s. A new kid has shown up in the neighborhood called China which has usurped its traditional role. A massive accumulation of debt and a thousand “bridges to nowhere.” Obama take note.

A week ago Hungary had the unfortunate mishap of telling the truth when it compared itself to Greece, resulting in a massive selloff of the Forint and leading to fresh lows for the euro. Today, it is Japan which is using the very same strategy in an attempt to devalue its own currency. So far it's working. The BBC reports that Naoto Kan has been a little truthier than the G-20 plenary sessions generally allow. We now look for the PM's reign of truth to be even shorter than that of his thousands of predecessors during the past couple of years: "Naoto Kan, in his first major speech since taking over, said Japan
needed a financial restructuring to avert a Greece-style crisis."Our country's outstanding public debt is huge... our public finances have become the worst of any developed country," he said." Obviously, none of this is news. However, the market certainly does not appreciate when it is told that what it sees day after day in the non-mainstream media is actually the truth and nothing but the truth. What next - Tim Geithner coming out to say that a downgrade of the US is actually long overdue?

The latest example of selling not being actually "selling" comes courtesy of a Deutsche Bank oven mitt. Bloomberg reports that "Deutsche Bank AG sent a spate of erroneous sell orders for Japan’s Nikkei 225 Stock Average futures contracts because of a system malfunction. The erroneous orders sent stocks on the Nikkei 225 into a brief plunge seconds after the market opened at 9 a.m. The average sank as much as 1.1 percent to 9,658.44 before rebounding to about 9,743. The gauge was at 9,691.08 as of 1:54 p.m. in Tokyo." We are trying to remember when the last time that a "fat finger" was responsible for panic buying. But when every single HFT algo is programmed to only buy on no volume, the possibility of that happening is slim to none.

A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away, fundamentals used to matter. In this place tonight's news that Japan is slipping back into its +/-20th sequential recession would have resulted in a plunge in the Nikkei, and a lot of overtime work for the Japanese plunge protection team, which unlike its US equivalent, does not hide in the shadows, and is well-known to intervene when equities plummet. Earlier, Japan announced that not only did its jobless rate increase more than the expected 5%, hitting 5.1%, once again openly starting on its one way trek to the record 5.6% achieved at the trough of the crisis, but deflation also picked up, hitting -1.5% in April (and where prices did not fall, they were supported by government subsidies), and completing the trifecta was that household spending came in at -0.7%, after estimates called for a 2.5% increase after the 4.4% prior reading. Instead, in our current galaxy, the Nikkei was up 1.5% because China said that it would not sell its European bonds, an act which would have brought the euro to parity and slashed the value of China's trillions in foreign reserves by about 10% overnight (also, the fact that a dollar-strapped BOJ demanded $200 million in FX swaps from the Fed was certainly also not lost on the market). Gee, it is truly shocking they did not confirm they are selling their German bond holdings. After all, even PIMCO is liquidating its European exposure: we would contend that China is not all that much dumber than Bill Gross.

Japan takes a bold step toward moving away from second to last place in the currency devaluation game. Bloomberg reports:

The Bank of Japan said it will pump 2 trillion yen ($21.8 billion) into the financial system after the Greek debt crisis caused instability in financial markets in the U.S. and Europe.

The emergency measure represents the bank’s first same-day repurchase operations since December. The balance of current- account deposits held by financial institutions at the central bank will likely increase to 16.9 trillion yen, up 800 billion yen from yesterday, the central bank said.

Of course, right now Ben Bernanke an d the US dollar are dead last in the fiat bonfire. But not for long.

Luckily, the only real winner out of the Keynesian death rattle will be gold. Which is the LBMA is doing all it can to manipulate the price lower right this instant. All the better - entry points will be fewer and harder to come by as the time to the final Keynesian unwind draws nearer with each passing day.

A few days ago we highlighted Richard Koo's most recent media appearance here. Below we provide his most recent presentation extolling the virtues of unbridled Keynesianism. Keynes' ideas may have been an operable theory when the world was not leveraged 100% debt/GDP (and 400% total debt including assorted off balance sheet items). Now, it is not. And everyone who blindly pushes for endless stimuli will find out that the endplay to Keynes' fatally flawed economic theory is sovereign default. And yes, that certainly includes the default of the country which is pring the most paper.

The just released minutes from the March 16-17 policy-setting meeting by the Bank Of Japan indicate that dissension to global ZIRP, and its mutant step brother, Galactic Moral Hazard (we can't wait for Goldman to LBO Uranus, with $1 of taxpayer equity and a 0.001% perpetual PIK loan from the Federal Reserve), is growing: the vote to double the BOJ's 0.1% interest lending facility to Y20 trillion saw a final tally of 5 to 2, with two opposing. It is no surprise that as time goes by, ever more rational people will emerge at most central banks, and join such vigilantes as Tom Hoenig in expressing that extremely rare CB quality - unbribed common sense. Yet what is more notable in the last sentence is that Japan just increased the amount of funds to be injected to cover 3 month cash needs among commercial banks, and not only that but that the BOJ will also double the frequency of the new operation from once to twice per week. In summary: the fiscal tragedy discussed earlier by Koo is starting to once demonstrate the powerlessness of monetary policy when you are dealing with a defunct state. Yes America, this is coming here too. Here's why - the reason for all of this newfound excess monetary flooding: "To encourage a decline in longer-term interest rates." Because that is just what Japan need - more deflation.

The first just released TIC data, post the latest major annual revision, indicates that the two biggest holders of US Treasury securities continue to pare their holdings. We will present a more granular look shortly as the revision has made all historical numbers irrelevant, however the consolidated picture demonstrates that China sold $6 billion in USTs going into January, with Japan paring just slightly, at $1 billion. This was more than compensated by accumulation by the three other major players: the UK, Oil Exporter countries, and Caribbean banking centers, a proxy for hedge funds, whose holdings grew by a substantial $28 billion, $11 billion and $15 billion, respectively. The UK, which is most certainly a proxy for China, has seen its holdings grow by $100 billion in 4 months, from $106 billion in October to $206 billion most recently.

Picture China right behind Greece as the target of the market vigilantes.

"A few months ago I wrote about an impending government funding crisis in Japan. The pushback was so interesting I thought it worth writing up. None of you really disputed the long-term problems facing Japan but, for various reasons – which I’ll look at below – very few of you thought it was worth worrying about just now. Meanwhile, the biggest JGB holder on the planet – the Government Pension Investment Fund (GPIF) – which has already admitted it’s no longer able to roll maturing bonds, has announced that it will open credit lines so it doesn’t have to sell them to fund its obligations. With ¥213 trillion of JGBs to roll this year, or around 45% of GDP (see chart below), maybe I’m not the only one scared stiff after all!" Dylan Grice, SocGen

In the end, are foreign leaders right to scare their people with tales of Japan? Certainly, the hyperbole is overblown; the Chinese, especially, should be so lucky. But nor should apologists for deficits point to Japan as reason to be calm about outsized stimulus packages. Japan’s ability to trudge on in the face of huge adversity is admirable, but the risks of crisis ahead are surely greater than bond markets seem to recognize. - Ken Rogoff

And with that Japan joins the competitive devaluation currency race, in which both the SNB and Federal Reserve have a substantial head start (the euro and the fat Brussels bureaucrats are in a ouzo daze, with no clue what the hell is going on). Speaking before lawmakers BOJ governor Masaaki Shirakawa, who recently said Japan was powerless to fight deflation on its own, has changed his tune, and today said that Japan will print the kitchen sink if it has to to beat "stubborn deflation." In a speech before the Lower House Budget Committee Shirakawa said that not only will Japan continue monetizing its debt (at least unlike Bernanke, he admits it), but that they will happily accelerate this action if it means killing the Yen and creating a glimmer of hope for inflation. Carry traders everywhere rejoice.