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Would Our Government Really Start a War to Try to Stimulate the Economy?

George Washington's picture




Washington's Blog.

I've written two essays attempting to disprove "military
Keynesianism" - the idea that military spending is the best stimulus.
See this and this.

In response, a reader challenged me to prove that anyone would advocate military spending or war as a fiscal stimulus.

In fact, the concept of military Keynesianism is so widespread that there are some half million web pages discussing the topic.

And many leading economists and political pundits sing its praises.

For
example, Martin Feldstein - chairman of the Council of Economic
Advisers under President Reagan, an economics professor at Harvard, and
a member of The Wall Street Journal's board of contributors - wrote an op-ed in the Journal last December entitled "Defense Spending Would Be Great Stimulus".

And as the Cato Institute notes:

Bill
Kristol agrees. Noting that the military was "spending all kinds of
money already," Mr. Kristol wondered aloud, "If you're buying 2,000
Humvees a month, why not buy 3,000? If you're refurbishing two military
bases, why not refurbish five?"

***

 

This is not the first
time that defense spending has been endorsed as a way to jump-start the
economy. Nearly five decades ago, economic advisers to President
Kennedy urged him to increase military spending as an economic
stimulus...

 

Similar arguments are heard today. The members of
Connecticut's congressional delegation have been particularly outspoken
in their support for the Virginia-class submarine, and they haven't
been shy about pointing to the jobs that the program provides in their
home state. The Marine Corps' V-22 Osprey program wins support on
similar grounds. Despite serious concerns about crew safety and
comfort, the V-22 program employs workers in Pennsylvania, New Jersey,
Delaware and Texas, and a number of other states.

Professors of political economy Jonathan Nitzan and Shimshon Bichler write:

Theories
of Military Keynesianism and the Military-Industrial Complex became
popular after the Second World War, and perhaps for a good reason. The
prospect of military demobilization, particularly in the United States,
seemed alarming. The U.S. elite remembered vividly how soaring military
spending had pulled the world out of the Great Depression, and it
feared that falling military budgets would reverse this process. If
that were to happen, the expectation was that business would
tumble,unemployment would soar, and the legitimacy of free-market
capitalism would again be called into question.

Seeking to avert
this prospect, in 1950 the U.S. National Security Council drafted a
top-secret document, NSC-68. The document, which was declassified only
in 1977, explicitly called on the government to use higher military
spending as a way of preventing such an outcome.

Are they right about NSC-68?

Well, PhD economist Robert Higgs confirms the importance of NSC-68:

Previously
administration officials had encountered stiff resistance from Congress
to their pleas for a substantial buildup along the lines laid out in
NSC-68, a landmark document of April 1950. The authors of this internal
government report took a Manichaean view of America’s rivalry with the
Soviet Union, espoused a permanent role for the United States as world
policeman, and envisioned U.S. military expenditures amounting to
perhaps 20 percent of GNP. But congressional acceptance of the
recommended measures seemed highly unlikely in the absence of a crisis.
In 1950 “the fear that [the North Korean] invasion was just the first
step in a broad offensive by the Soviets proved highly useful when it
came to persuading Congress to increase the defense budget.” As
Secretary of State Dean Acheson said afterwards, “Korea saved us.” The
buildup reached its peak in 1953, when the stalemated belligerents in
Korea agreed to a truce.

And Chalmers Johnson - Professor emeritus of the University of California, San Diego, and former CIA consultant - writes:

This is military Keynesianism — the determination to maintain a permanent war economy and
to treat military output as an ordinary economic product, even though
it makes no contribution to either production or consumption.

This
ideology goes back to the first years of the cold war. During the late
1940s, the US was haunted by economic anxieties. The great depression
of the 1930s had been overcome only by the war production boom of the
second world war. With peace and demobilisation, there was a pervasive
fear that the depression would return. During 1949, alarmed by the
Soviet Union’s detonation of an atomic bomb, the looming Communist
victory in the Chinese civil war, a domestic recession, and the
lowering of the Iron Curtain around the USSR’s European satellites, the
US sought to draft basic strategy for the emerging cold war. The result
was the militaristic National Security Council Report 68 (NSC-68)
drafted under the supervision of Paul Nitze, then head of the Policy
Planning Staff in the State Department. Dated 14 April 1950 and signed
by President Harry S Truman on 30 September 1950, it laid out the basic
public economic policies that the US pursues to the present day.

 

In
its conclusions, NSC-68 asserted: “One of the most significant lessons
of our World War II experience was that the American economy, when it
operates at a level approaching full efficiency, can provide enormous
resources for purposes other than civilian consumption while
simultaneously providing a high standard of living”.

 

With
this understanding, US strategists began to build up a massive
munitions industry, both to counter the military might of the Soviet
Union (which they consistently overstated) and also to maintain full
employment, as well as ward off a possible return of the depression.
The result was that, under Pentagon leadership, entire new industries
were created to manufacture large aircraft, nuclear-powered submarines,
nuclear warheads, intercontinental ballistic missiles, and surveillance
and communications satellites. This led to what President Eisenhower
warned against in his farewell address of 6 February 1961: “The
conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms
industry is new in the American experience” — the military-industrial
complex.

By 1990 the value of the weapons, equipment and factories
devoted to the Department of Defense was 83% of the value of all plants
and equipment in US manufacturing. From 1947 to 1990, the combined US
military budgets amounted to $8.7 trillion. Even though the Soviet
Union no longer exists, US reliance on military Keynesianism has, if
anything, ratcheted up, thanks to the massive vested interests that
have become entrenched around the military establishment.

You can read NSC-68 here.

Leading political journalist John T. Flynn wrote in 1944 :

Militarism
is the one great glamorous public-works project upon which a variety of
elements in the community can be brought into agreement.

But Flynn warned that:

Inevitably,
having surrendered to militarism as an economic device, we will do what
other countries have done: we will keep alive the fears of our people
of the aggressive ambitions of other countries and we will ourselves
embark upon imperialistic enterprises of our own.

Indeed,
the creator of the theory of military Keynesianism himself warned that
those who followed such thinking would fearmonger, appeal to patriotism
and get us into wars in order to promote this kind of economic
"stimulus". As The Independent wrote in 2004:

Military-fuelled
growth, or military Keynesianism as it is now known in academic
circles, was first theorised by the Polish economist Michal Kalecki in
1943. Kalecki argued that capitalists and their political champions
tended to bridle against classic Keynesianism; achieving full
employment through public spending made them nervous because it risked
over-empowering the working class and the unions.

 

The military
was a much more desirable investment from their point of view, although
justifying such a diversion of public funds required
a certain degree of political repression, best achieved through appeals
to patriotism and fear-mongering about an enemy threat - and,
inexorably, an actual war.

 

At
the time, Kalecki's best example of military Keynesianism was Nazi
Germany. But the concept does not just operate under fascist
dictatorships. Indeed, it has been taken up with enthusiasm by the
neo-liberal right wing in the United States.

I
disagree that this is a partisan issue. The Independent piece portrays
the "neo-liberal right" as special warmongers; I don't believe there is
much difference with the "neo-liberal left", or "neo-conservative
right", or whatever.
Indeed, political labels are fairly meaningless. What is important is the actions one takes, not his rhetoric about his actions.




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Mon, 11/16/2009 - 16:51 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Mon, 11/16/2009 - 10:04 | Link to Comment CB
CB's picture

George Washington: this piece is linked on strike the root today:

http://www.strike-the-root.com/

Mon, 11/16/2009 - 09:08 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Mon, 11/16/2009 - 00:09 | Link to Comment Privatus
Privatus's picture

Or in other words, how many would sacrifice their children in a preemptive war of aggression in order to "stimulate the economy"?

Sun, 11/15/2009 - 22:28 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sun, 11/15/2009 - 20:17 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sun, 11/15/2009 - 20:09 | Link to Comment sojourner
sojourner's picture

Historically speaking, yes.

Sun, 11/15/2009 - 19:01 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sun, 11/15/2009 - 15:54 | Link to Comment SWRichmond
SWRichmond's picture

Patrick Henry, 5 June 1788, at the Virginia Ratification Debates:

"But we are told that we need not fear; because those in power, being our representatives, will not abuse the powers we put in their hands. I am not well versed in history, but I will submit to your recollection, whether liberty has been destroyed most often by the licentiousness of the people, or by the tyranny of rulers. I imagine, sir, you will find the balance on the side of tyranny. Happy will you be if you miss the fate of those nations, who, omitting to resist their oppressors, or negligently suffering their liberty to be wrested from them, have groaned under intolerable despotism! Most of the human race are now in this deplorable condition; and those nations who have gone in search of grandeur, power, and splendor, have also fallen a sacrifice, and been the victims of their own folly. While they acquired those visionary blessings, they lost their freedom.

Sun, 11/15/2009 - 15:48 | Link to Comment Zippyin Annapolis
Zippyin Annapolis's picture

The boys need toys and wars are where you get to see who has the neatest new toy.

Sun, 11/15/2009 - 14:08 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sun, 11/15/2009 - 14:00 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sun, 11/15/2009 - 13:11 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sun, 11/15/2009 - 20:08 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sun, 11/15/2009 - 12:39 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sun, 11/15/2009 - 11:33 | Link to Comment phaesed
phaesed's picture

Uhhh, why do you think they gave Obama the Nobel?

This shit has happened before, let's see if it happens again.

Sun, 11/15/2009 - 11:03 | Link to Comment JacksWastedLife
JacksWastedLife's picture

Civil war...

Sun, 11/15/2009 - 10:58 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sun, 11/15/2009 - 10:23 | Link to Comment Missing_Link
Missing_Link's picture

You say "warmongering" like it's a bad thing.

Sun, 11/15/2009 - 10:02 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sun, 11/15/2009 - 09:57 | Link to Comment Nikki
Nikki's picture

Our government tells progressively larger lies with each new regime. It is controlled by wealthy psycopaths pulling the strings of rich narcissist sociopaths. They know no love for any person,  but for money and power. They are a disease in our society...

I hope the next action our military sees is a coup d' tete, here in Washington and New York.

 

 

 

Sun, 11/15/2009 - 09:57 | Link to Comment Nikki
Nikki's picture

Our government tells progressively larger lies with each new regime. It is controlled by wealthy psycopaths pulling the strings of rich narcissist sociopaths. They know no love for any person,  but for money and power. They are a disease in our society...

I hope the next action our military sees is a coup d' tete, here in Washington and New York.

 

 

 

Sun, 11/15/2009 - 09:54 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sun, 11/15/2009 - 07:52 | Link to Comment THE DORK OF CORK
THE DORK OF CORK's picture

There seems to be a general assumption from the above comments that the USA would win a conflict, be it a expeditionary war or a more general conflict.

The technological gap between the States and its enemys is still a large one but the overall mass of the US defence forces is a shadow of its former self.

If the US was engaged in multiple general and lower intensity conflicts its forces would be very stretched. To get a perspective of the quanity decline of its armed forces you need to look no further then the 60s when the US was engaged in the cold war when it was very hot,the Apollo project and the 500,000 soldiers in the paddyfields of Vietnam.I cannot now imagine the US is now capable of expending such resources given that the procurement of miltary weapons is so corrupt and its leadership so lacking. Indeed the strategic postion of the US is somewhat similar to Germany in the first half of the 20th century where it is being encircled by weaker but growing powers.

If America then wants to retain its hedgemony it will have to act soon for the longer it waits the weaker it becomes and the stronger its enemys.

although in my opinion the wiser option is to accept a lesser role in the world and adopt its older tradition of isolationism.

Sun, 11/15/2009 - 09:30 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sun, 11/15/2009 - 12:52 | Link to Comment THE DORK OF CORK
THE DORK OF CORK's picture

At the moment the US is incapable of having free trade with its mercantile neighbours.

40 years of moneterist policeys have destroyed its industrial base.It would be wise for the states do use its natural advantages and avoid free trade with countrys that have increased there capital structure exponentialy during those wasted years.It still will have miltary superiority for one maybe two decades and could use that force to deter those other countrys from expanding into its smaller sphere of influence. 20 years should be enough time to animate its schools and colleges and produce the engineers,farmers scientists of tomorrow - then it could relax its trade policey

But at the moment this is a very academic discussion since there is no clear chain of command in your country and in that power vaccum lies corrupt,inept and immoral leadership.

 

Sun, 11/15/2009 - 07:50 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sun, 11/15/2009 - 05:08 | Link to Comment amanfromMars
amanfromMars's picture

George, It really does beggar belief, that in a creative world of infinite options, a past failed and catastrophically destructive sworn enemy of peace and freedom derivative in MADness, would be even considered for stimulation of economy. Such is AAA Certified Terrorism and shows a Complete Absence of Intelligence and would also surely be a Criminal Abdication of Government Duty which would have one able to Cite Charges of Gross Collusion and Wanton Conspiracy to Commit Acts of a Perverse and Subversive Treason against the Human State.

The problem for war-mongers and warmongering nowadays, is that the persons/individuals involved in calling for wars, rightly become legitimate targets for clinical liquidation and/or and public pursuit for criminal prosecution, as they are surely closet terrorists of the worst kind.[Hiding in full sight within] And there are whole armies of terrorised and traumatised troops, fully mindful and experienced in the long sufferings caused by war, with all the necessary specialist knowledge and logistical support skills, to carry out any kind of desired operation which would easily take over and take away Command and Control from any and all such ignorant and arrogant markets controlled puppets, who would tout wars as an economy saving tool, and they would have the global support of all peoples behind and supporting them.

But hey don't just ask me, ask Mr Tony Blair what it's like to be dodging around the world looking for a safe haven where he is not feted as a pariah, sought out to stand trial for sending a nation to war on a false premise with a trumped up prospectus.

The world is a lot smarter than ever it was before, and getting smarter, and virtually smaller too nowadays, as information and/or intelligence flashes around the globe in an instant and at the click of a mouse, and nothing can now be done without you having to be able to stand up and be counted/justify and explain your every thought which leads/led to an action, for all have, along with their intended consequences, myriad unintended consequences and to intend to do destructive and lethal harm in the full knowledge that there will be the untold suffering of thousands and hundreds of thousands and millions of fully innocent civilian victims, is a Crime against Humanity and a Genocidal Act with No Hiding Place in Modern Intelligent Society...... No Possible Sanctuary.

:-) And thanks for the warm welcoming email Zero Hedge and here's hoping this inclusion is also true, rather than just pie in the sky spin to keep the natives from revolting  ..."For whatever reason, you thought it wise to register at zero hedge. I hope you know that Tim Geithner will now personally get a copy of the signals intelligence feed on your internet connection."   

Sun, 11/15/2009 - 03:54 | Link to Comment bullchit
bullchit's picture

Some people just ask for war.


'Iran rejected nuclear deal, Obama postponing announcement'

http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1258027287028&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull

Regards.

Sun, 11/15/2009 - 11:40 | Link to Comment Emmanuel Goldstein
Emmanuel Goldstein's picture

Something you seem to be ignoring:

Iran is a signatory to the NPT and as such has the absolute RIGHT to pursue peaceful nuclear technologies regardless of what ever huffing and puffing the western nations want to do.

Since the IAEA and the CIA have already proclaimed their program to be non military in nature they are under NO obligation to even entertain US demands about their programs.

Or is this something that is too clear cut and easy to understand for you to get?

Sun, 11/15/2009 - 03:19 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sun, 11/15/2009 - 02:12 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sun, 11/15/2009 - 07:33 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sun, 11/15/2009 - 01:48 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sun, 11/15/2009 - 01:04 | Link to Comment FischerBlack
FischerBlack's picture

Three words:

Broken Window Fallacy

Sun, 11/15/2009 - 03:35 | Link to Comment mojine
mojine's picture

Broken window fallacy, precisely - and precisely because it is a fallacy, you can bet on our government to pursue it.

Sun, 11/15/2009 - 00:53 | Link to Comment Andrei Vyshinsky
Andrei Vyshinsky's picture

And the saddest part of this piece is the fact that it never once questions whether military spending to stimulate the economy is right or moral, but rather whether it "works" from some twisted pragmatic perspective. What we have here is the same perverse logic - and issuing from many of the same people - that characterized the debased recent public discussion about the efficacy of torture. What mattered to most was whether it, too, "worked". The naivete manifest in such attitudes is neigh-on stupifying. Are the authors of these commentaries so debased as to be oblivious of the fact that all such questions exist within a moral framework? Are we always to be led by schmendriks? One now sees why it is said that those the gods wish to destroy they first make mad.

Sat, 11/14/2009 - 23:08 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sat, 11/14/2009 - 22:48 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sun, 11/15/2009 - 06:55 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sat, 11/14/2009 - 22:27 | Link to Comment Marley
Marley's picture

And whosoever diggeth a pit
Shall fall in it

Sat, 11/14/2009 - 22:17 | Link to Comment milbank
milbank's picture

Of course they would.  Every war we've been in was based on economics.  The social reasoning is what is fed to Joe and Jane to make it palatable.

Sat, 11/14/2009 - 21:35 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sat, 11/14/2009 - 21:11 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sat, 11/14/2009 - 20:46 | Link to Comment Racer
Racer's picture

"Would Our Government Really Start a War to Try to Stimulate the Economy?"

 

YES

Sat, 11/14/2009 - 20:29 | Link to Comment deadhead
deadhead's picture

I still think the biggest foreign threat for the USA is Pakistan.  IF the tally/al q camp snatch one or two of those nukes (i think there are around 80ish?, mostly mobile), it's a whole new ballgame.

I'm of the opinion that there is a 90% chance that tally/al q obtain the nukes absent intervention.

Sat, 11/14/2009 - 20:27 | Link to Comment Miyagi_san
Miyagi_san's picture

Wars feed manufacturing which in turn feed campaign contributions. So again the taxpayer foots the bill for a corrupt political hierarchy. Self promotion until the next election cycle then blame others for their misgivings. (as Dick Cheney would say, "I can't recall")

Sat, 11/14/2009 - 20:04 | Link to Comment Mr.Kowalski
Mr.Kowalski's picture

With Obama large and in charge, I highly doubt we would be the ones to start one; I see him as having a distaste for wars. Besides, would'nt one of the economics gurus bother to tell him that $150/bbl crude would be a huge drag on the economy if it were to last more than a few months ??

Which is better.. building a plant that produces machinery that can be exported for decades or a couple F22's to sit in a heated hanger whilst we pay people to do maintenance on it ??

Sun, 11/15/2009 - 07:06 | Link to Comment Anonymous
Sat, 11/14/2009 - 22:26 | Link to Comment milbank
milbank's picture

Fascinating take considering Mr. Obama is already running two wars, one of which, he's about to expend more 30,000 more troops on.  Obama isn't as different from the conventional politician/office holder as he has touted himself to be.

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