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Huge ND Wastewater Spill Prompts Calls For Fracking Regs
Submitted by Andy Tully via OilPrice.com,
Beaver dams have so far prevented about 1 million gallons of fracking wastewater discovered spilled July 8 from a rural North Dakota pipeline from spreading too far. But area residents, environmentalists and even a Republican state legislator all want more reliable measures.
The spill of the toxic saltwater, a byproduct of hydraulic fracturing, came from gas extraction operations at the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation and occurred days before it was discovered.
The federal Environmental Protection Agency said the underground pipeline spilled about 24,000 barrels, or 1 million gallon, in North Dakota’s thriving oil and gas region. The water, which can be 10 times saltier than seawater and contains salt and fossil fuel condensates, was being piped away from fuel extraction sites for safe disposal.
The spill has been threatening Bear Den Bay on nearby Lake Sakakawea, which provides water for the reservation occupied by the Arikara, Hidasta and Mandan tribes, though the EPA said there is no evidence that the lake has been contaminated.
In fact, it said, most of the saltwater had pooled near where it had spilled and that beaver dams in the area had kept it from spreading. As a result, the EPA said, the local soil has simply been absorbing the spill.
That’s a bit too fortuitous for Wayde Schafer, a spokesman for the Sierra Club in North Dakota. He said there have been four other spills in the region recently, including three caused by lightning strikes and a fourth attributed to a cow that rubbed against a tank valve.
With its current oil and gas boom, North Dakota has become the second most productive energy state behind Texas. By relying greatly on fracking, though, it also produces millions of barrels of wastewater daily that, like nuclear waste, must be buried underground forever.
In 2013 alone, there were 74 pipeline leaks that spilled 22,000 barrels of saltwater. Yet that same year, the North Dakota Legislature voted 86 to 4 against a bill that would have mandated flow meters and cutoff switches on wastewater-disposal pipelines. Energy companies protested the cost of such measures, and even state regulators argued they wouldn’t detect small leaks.
State Rep. Dick Anderson, a Republican farmer from Willow City, about 140 miles northeast of Lake Sakakawea, wants the legislature to reconsider the bill. He said a revised bill should require energy companies to conduct more frequent examination of the wastewater pipelines, including dogs trained to sniff for spills and even aerial drones that can spot pipeline breaks.
Arrow Pipeline LLC, which owns the pipeline whose spill has been threatening Lake Sakakawea, said the accident wasn’t discovered until employees were reviewing reports on production losses.
Crestwood Midstream Partners LP of Houston, which owns Arrow Pipeline, said the cleanup is likely to last for weeks.
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OK let's hear all the beaver jokes
The regulators will be on it faster than you can say cynk hole.
Yeah, right. But what about that stupid ass Hannity and his energy independance and the US will be the worlds biggest oil exporter. That dickless motherfucker really pisses me off.
PS I am certainly not one his "great americans" or whatever his silly nonsensical BS tagline is.
As bad as this is, I'd still have it over nuclear power. Humans are little more than apes and shouldn't be playing with things so dangerous.
Thorium reactors would be fine... but, since you apparently can't use those for weapons grade plutonium... it will never happen in the U.S.
"Nice beaver."
"Thanks, I just had it stuffed."
My wife was 17, when we met. I had to explain that one to her.
The really funny part, though, was that she had lived in Pittsburg, prior to moving. Her first job was at ...Busy Beaver Hardware.
Yea, cause that shit flow into Canada, you think it will get top priority in DC?
a fourth attributed to a cow that rubbed against a tank valve.
What is Yellen doing in ND?
No, that goes straight into the Missouri from there.
Good luck salty beavers
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AvWfbIe4X_4&feature=kp
i cant even bring my self to litter.......
John39, repeating a lie does not make it true...
What you fail to understand was that buying Pu from commercial reactors was a back door subsidy...
Or 'public' nuclear reactors were primarily designed to produce plutonium as fast as possible, and generating electricity as a secondary by-product allowed them to be sited near populated areas with lots of ignorant people gladly paying for the construction and maintenance, while their DNA and immune systems went to shit.
Certainly the subsidy was not needing liability insurance against any disaster whatsoever, and now the builders are exempt from any legal liabliity thrice over with the new international nuclear treaties pushed by the builders after Fukushima.
Could we soon have nuclear power WITHOUT toxic waste? Focus Fusion promises cleaner energy solution
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2647195/Could-soon-nuclea...
Yep...
these guys are so smart that they didn't need billions in R&D...
\facepalm...
BTW, look up what a fusor is...
Every year since the early 1970s, we've been about 20 years away from fusion power.
A lot of money and scientific talent has been wasted on the NIF. It's been a huge distraction.
Plasma Focus Fusion
http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2013/ph241/waisberg2/
No.
Just because you're happy to think of yourself as an ape doesn't mean the rest of us are.
Amount of people killed by petroleum-related accidents: tens of thousands
Amount of people killed by nuclear accidents: hundreds
Ape: "Wow, hundreds? Let's totally ban nuclear stuff, because its like dangerous or something, and scary. Yeah."
are you for fuckin real? go look up chernobyl. No Im not talking immediate deaths; radioactive material is around alot longer than petroleum products after an accident, infinitly more difficult to deal with after an accident and its effects on biological systems are cumulative. Im sure the people of belarus would have chosen a gas powered or coal fired reactor to go up than chernobyl. go google the effects of the accident on those poor people. http://www.ianfairlie.org and http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tWA7GOHQHno
Don't worry. People aren't that stupid anymore. Only people whose paycheck depends on the nuclear industry repeats that crap.
Infant Mortality Rates around nuclear accidents alone account for millions of additional deaths. Apparently dead children don't count to nuclear industy personnel.
"The spill of the toxic saltwater, a byproduct of hydraulic fracturing, came from gas extraction operations at the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation and occurred days before it was discovered."
Oh, well. Nevermind then; it's not like it was on 'American' soil or anything...
[P.S.: If you live on the west coast, you're already getting 'toxic saltwater' from Japan...]
I feel sorry for the beavers.
Little baby beavers will probably die so some fat-assed yammering ho can drive her Escalade to Nieman Marcus.
I envy the beavers. Did they have to get building permits to construct those dams, like humans do? Did they have to file environmental impact statements and contend with the EPA, like humans do? Beavers, like illegal immigrant kids, get to ignore the laws that American citizens are bound by.
Fracking? Dangerous salt water? I thought all that Indian land was "sacred". WTF.
Save a tree, eat a beaver
I like my beaver oiled before munching
When not fucking her in the beaver, I'm fucking her in the ass.
That was beautiful. Reminds me of the first time I read Tennyson.
Long beavers!
Short cows!
Trust me America is long cows with beavers.
woohoo, we get to tell beaver jokes!
"Nice beaver:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AvWfbIe4X_4&feature=kp
Wouldn't be the first time I fracked a salty beaver.
Eat a Beaver, Save a Tree.
Bring back the snorgtee camel toe.
Poor fuckin beavers
Get greedy.........frack up. Never fails
"He said there have been four other spills in the region recently, including three caused by lightning strikes and a fourth attributed to a cow that rubbed against a tank valve."
Crap, now "cow" has probably been added to the NSA list of potential terrorist words that, if used online, will require anal probing by said NSA. I guess I'll need to come up with another way to describe Yellen. I wonder if "lying heffer" is still safe?
that explains why ND doesn't have earthquakes.
ward, you were hard on the beaver last night.
oops
yeah, i moved that part above. sorry. point being if they dump their waste on top of the ground it is unlikely to cause earthquakes. it will just kill everything on the surface instead.
Thank God no one uses the water out of the Ogallala Aquifer like all the farmers in the mid-West for anything. It certainly won't seep into the ground . . . Oh, wait. Shit.
The Spice MUST flow.....
Correct on many levels ORI. Does anyone like seeing oily birds, spills, or waste dumps? I cannot think of a single person.
Every been at a gas station that has run dry? Holy fuck it is like people are entitled to gasoline. "Out of gas, but I NEED gas."
Clean it up, fine them, and then move forward. It wasn't like they were pissing it out into the middle of the river.
pods
Industrial accidents suck. That's part of being human, I guess; accidents. This particular one sounds like it dumped a little water on the ground...salted the earth. A million gallons is about enough to fill an olympic size swimming pool to give you a sense of scale.
Can you imagine how much people would freak out if we started advertising how much pollution farming causes? Think about that volume of polluted water! How about refining of all natural materials into things we use (cotton, metals, oil to plastics, etc)? There are an increasing number of shrill stories about pollution and general disaster related to oil production. The reality is that it is an industry like all others with its own set of accidents.
The other reality is that you, me, and everybody wants more oil and natural gas. Sure, you don't say it out loud, but you want cheaper gasoline, natural gas, clothing, food, roads, sidewalks, electronics, and airline tickets. It is almost like it never occurred to anyone that all that we have is made possible by oil. I'm not saying that other ways aren't possible. They are. We'll just have to get rid of about 6 billion people to make them sustainable at this point.
Before you jump on the populist demonization bandwagon, take a good look around your life. How much is based on oil? If you are guessing around 100% then you made a good guess. You literally can't live without it today. They should teach that in schools. Knowledge often leads people to come up with inspired ideas and advancement. Instead, our schools and culture have taught fear and hysteria. I don't expect good change in my lifetime. But if we change our educational philosophy, we may be able to invent good change for my unborn grandchildren.
People are realizing how much pollution farming causes. The Roundup is killing the bees, who are responsible for keeping the crop cycles working. How the Roundup is in everything we eat, and killing the good bacteria in our stomachs. Try a Probiotic sometime. You'll see the result immediately, trust me. You'll never want to go without it again.
On the other hand, society won't give up their transportation and gadgets without a fight. I believe there is a clean energy source out there, but it's well hidden by the energy masters.
Grandchildren's future? Fukushima did away with that. There is no fixing fucked.
no biggie, they only use about eight thousand toxic chemicals to process this energy stupid method
I am confused.. is it better to have that secret formula toxic waste on the surface, in the aquifers or deep strata to lubricate fault lines?
An equal distribution to all three options is ideal if one is looking to create the Perfect Storm of environmental catastrophes.
“energy stupid method”
It is energy stupid but not financially stupid because the fiat to fund the energy stupidity is available in unlimited supply.
Yup, the entire issue can be solved by classifying the chemicals as a national security secret. When the water is tested in the bay, it can be claimed that since it wasn't tested before by an approved method, the spill can't be proven as a source. Besides, all the salinity and chemicals are probably naturally occurring in the area, right?
Goddamn right! These eco-hippies are running around trying to blame the hardworking oil industry, which creates jobs and pays taxes, unlike those goddamn people living off of welfare PAYED for by the same goddamn hard working oil companies but you never hear that from these goddamn eco-hippies.
I think you missed the point. Do you like 99 lethal chemicals in your drinking water?
I don't get any free cheese. But I don't want a group of greedy fuckers killing the human race off, either. Unless you're one of the folks behind the Georgia Guidestones. Then, by all means, go right ahead. I can't post pics, but I'm making the Illuminati handsign for you.
I think you missed the sarcasm...of NOTa's post. BTW, I agree with you and up-arrowed your post farther down.
Please name one person who has been killed by hydraulic fracturing.
Name one person who has become sick as a result of fracking fluids in his drinking water.
No, Matt Damon, they do not use "about eight thousand toxic chemicals" when fracking a well. There's nothing seriously toxic in the process. Guar gum, chembetaine, and other things you find in health care products that also have a use in improving lubricity and conductivity in horizontal wells. The operators publish what they use with the governing state regulatory agencies, so you can look this shit up of you're curious.
Spills suck; but they happen. The operator was most likely intending to reuse the frack water, so they're the biggest loser in the deal. It's in these guy's best interest to keep spills from happening because it affects their bottom line.
'What Chemicals Are Used'As previously noted, chemicals perform many functions in a hydraulic fracturing job. Although there are dozens to hundreds of chemicals which could be used as additives, there are a limited number which are routinely used in hydraulic fracturing. The following is a list of the chemicals used most often. This chart is sorted alphabetically by the Product Function to make it easier for you to compare to the fracturing records .
Chemical Name CAS Chemical Purpose Product Function Hydrochloric Acid 007647-01-0 Helps dissolve minerals and initiate cracks in the rock Acid Glutaraldehyde 000111-30-8 Eliminates bacteria in the water that produces corrosive by-products Biocide Quaternary Ammonium Chloride 012125-02-9 Eliminates bacteria in the water that produces corrosive by-products Biocide Quaternary Ammonium Chloride 061789-71-1 Eliminates bacteria in the water that produces corrosive by-products Biocide Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl-Phosphonium Sulfate 055566-30-8 Eliminates bacteria in the water that produces corrosive by-products Biocide Ammonium Persulfate 007727-54-0 Allows a delayed break down of the gel Breaker Sodium Chloride 007647-14-5 Product Stabilizer Breaker Magnesium Peroxide 014452-57-4 Allows a delayed break down the gel Breaker Magnesium Oxide 001309-48-4 Allows a delayed break down the gel Breaker Calcium Chloride 010043-52-4 Product Stabilizer Breaker Choline Chloride 000067-48-1 Prevents clays from swelling or shifting Clay Stabilizer Tetramethyl ammonium chloride 000075-57-0 Prevents clays from swelling or shifting Clay Stabilizer Sodium Chloride 007647-14-5 Prevents clays from swelling or shifting Clay Stabilizer Isopropanol 000067-63-0 Product stabilizer and / or winterizing agent Corrosion Inhibitor Methanol 000067-56-1 Product stabilizer and / or winterizing agent Corrosion Inhibitor Formic Acid 000064-18-6 Prevents the corrosion of the pipe Corrosion Inhibitor Acetaldehyde 000075-07-0 Prevents the corrosion of the pipe Corrosion Inhibitor Petroleum Distillate 064741-85-1 Carrier fluid for borate or zirconate crosslinker Crosslinker Hydrotreated Light Petroleum Distillate 064742-47-8 Carrier fluid for borate or zirconate crosslinker Crosslinker Potassium Metaborate 013709-94-9 Maintains fluid viscosity as temperature increases Crosslinker Triethanolamine Zirconate 101033-44-7 Maintains fluid viscosity as temperature increases Crosslinker Sodium Tetraborate 001303-96-4 Maintains fluid viscosity as temperature increases Crosslinker Boric Acid 001333-73-9 Maintains fluid viscosity as temperature increases Crosslinker Zirconium Complex 113184-20-6 Maintains fluid viscosity as temperature increases Crosslinker Borate Salts N/A Maintains fluid viscosity as temperature increases Crosslinker Ethylene Glycol 000107-21-1 Product stabilizer and / or winterizing agent. Crosslinker Methanol 000067-56-1 Product stabilizer and / or winterizing agent. Crosslinker Polyacrylamide 009003-05-8 “Slicks” the water to minimize friction Friction Reducer Petroleum Distillate 064741-85-1 Carrier fluid for polyacrylamide friction reducer Friction Reducer Hydrotreated Light Petroleum Distillate 064742-47-8 Carrier fluid for polyacrylamide friction reducer Friction Reducer Methanol 000067-56-1 Product stabilizer and / or winterizing agent. Friction Reducer Ethylene Glycol 000107-21-1 Product stabilizer and / or winterizing agent. Friction Reducer Guar Gum 009000-30-0 Thickens the water in order to suspend the sand Gelling Agent Petroleum Distillate 064741-85-1 Carrier fluid for guar gum in liquid gels Gelling Agent Hydrotreated Light Petroleum Distillate 064742-47-8 Carrier fluid for guar gum in liquid gels Gelling Agent Methanol 000067-56-1 Product stabilizer and / or winterizing agent. Gelling Agent Polysaccharide Blend 068130-15-4 Thickens the water in order to suspend the sand Gelling Agent Ethylene Glycol 000107-21-1 Product stabilizer and / or winterizing agent. Gelling Agent Citric Acid 000077-92-9 Prevents precipitation of metal oxides Iron Control Acetic Acid 000064-19-7 Prevents precipitation of metal oxides Iron Control Thioglycolic Acid 000068-11-1 Prevents precipitation of metal oxides Iron Control Sodium Erythorbate 006381-77-7 Prevents precipitation of metal oxides Iron Control Lauryl Sulfate 000151-21-3 Used to prevent the formation of emulsions in the fracture fluid Non-Emulsifier Isopropanol 000067-63-0 Product stabilizer and / or winterizing agent. Non-Emulsifier Ethylene Glycol 000107-21-1 Product stabilizer and / or winterizing agent. Non-Emulsifier Sodium Hydroxide 001310-73-2 Adjusts the pH of fluid to maintains the effectiveness of other components, such as crosslinkers pH Adjusting Agent Potassium Hydroxide 001310-58-3 Adjusts the pH of fluid to maintains the effectiveness of other components, such as crosslinkers pH Adjusting Agent Acetic Acid 000064-19-7 Adjusts the pH of fluid to maintains the effectiveness of other components, such as crosslinkers pH Adjusting Agent Sodium Carbonate 000497-19-8 Adjusts the pH of fluid to maintains the effectiveness of other components, such as crosslinkers pH Adjusting Agent Potassium Carbonate 000584-08-7 Adjusts the pH of fluid to maintains the effectiveness of other components, such as crosslinkers pH Adjusting Agent Copolymer of Acrylamide and Sodium Acrylate 025987-30-8 Prevents scale deposits in the pipe Scale Inhibitor Sodium Polycarboxylate N/A Prevents scale deposits in the pipe Scale Inhibitor Phosphonic Acid Salt N/A Prevents scale deposits in the pipe Scale Inhibitor Lauryl Sulfate 000151-21-3 Used to increase the viscosity of the fracture fluid Surfactant Ethanol 000064-17-5 Product stabilizer and / or winterizing agent. Surfactant Naphthalene 000091-20-3 Carrier fluid for the active surfactant ingredients Surfactant Methanol 000067-56-1 Product stabilizer and / or winterizing agent. Surfactant Isopropyl Alcohol 000067-63-0 Product stabilizer and / or winterizing agent. Surfactant 2-Butoxyethanol 000111-76-2 Product stabilizerSurfactant
http://fracfocus.org/chemical-use/what-chemicals-are-used
This is what's being used to water our food with, and saturating our drinking water. And the contamination is just getting started, relatively speaking. Widescale fracking has only been profitable within the last decade.
Give it another 10 years.
You're an idiot. These chemicals are mostly harmless. Do you even know what a surfactant is?
Oh, and by the way, these do not get into our drinking water. To allow that would simultaneously allow water into the hydrocarbon flow, thereby reducing the "evil corporation's" bottom line.
Spills suck. That's why the operators rush to take care of them. These are the exceptions to the rule.
Let's just pick one "mostly harmless" surfactant from the above list:
"Naphthalene is used in the production of phthalic anhydride; it is also used in mothballs. Acute (short-term) exposure of humans to naphthalene by inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact is associated with hemolytic anemia, damage to the liver, and neurological damage. Cataracts have also been reported in workers acutely exposed to naphthalene by inhalation and ingestion. Chronic (long-term) exposure of workers and rodents to naphthalene has been reported to cause cataracts and damage to the retina. Hemolytic anemia has been reported in infants born to mothers who "sniffed" and ingested naphthalene (as mothballs) during pregnancy."
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/naphthal.html
That's the best you could do? Moth balls?
You've inadvertently exposed for a lie one of the ubiquitous allegations the anti-frackers produce to scare the masses: the mean ole' E&P corporations use a "secret brew" of chemicals to pump down the wells. Guess it isn't so secret if you could spend 5 minutes searching the Internet and come up with a list. By the way, I'd like to see your source. It's my suspicion that this is an inclusive list of all possible chemicals a company might use, rather than an exclusive list for every frac job.
Regardless, none of this makes it into your drinking water. It's too expensive for the companies to let it escape. That's part of the reason a spill is considered a big deal.
Dupe.
Dupe.
Its not just this spill. The entire North Dakota area is a freaking mess. All of the blue dots on this map are large oil spills reported by the media. http://blog.drillingmaps.com/2014/07/north-dakota-oil-spills-into-missou... This does not include the smaller unreported spills. Of course the press does not cover that the Missouri River runs through the entire midwest and provides driving water for millions. Fracking is a disaster.
A little polution never hurt anybody. How many dead people you see in China because of polution? None, that's how many. The eco-hippies have gone too goddamn far with their desire for pristine water and air. This goddamn county did great when we had polution, it was a sign of prosperty, but these goddamn eco-wackos doen't want to admit that.
The WHO report indicates that 2.8M people died from air pollution in China in 2012.
yes, their 'study' was a wild guess
Somebody took a wild guess once and said the world was round.
We will never know how many people die of anything, but we can get pretty close. It all depends on who's paying the researchers.
They also said the world was flat
That map is bullshit. Oil doesn't spill in those amounts that frequently. It's way too valuable.
See http://www.drillingmaps.com to find out where oil companies are trying to poison your water and air.
Do you ride a horse to work?
.“even a Republican state legislator all want more reliable measures”
Not too much party bias there.
No....
That should tell you what a shit show it really is....
Um yeah, I agree.. but that is "even a republican" is like saying even elephant shit (as opposed to jackass shit) draws flies and is annoying.
If energy is free its me. Add your solar roof, solar farm, solar parking lot, energy roof to the http://www.solarenergymaps.com. Germany 75% reliant on renewable energy and the US is way behind. Thanks criminal politicians.
Yeah, that way the mining of the materials is hidden across the pacific.
Look all, energy extraction can be dirty and hazardous. Why do you think we have been exchanging FIAT around the world for so long?
Everyone will piss and moan about dirty energy until the pilot light goes out, then they will piss and moan in the cold.
pods
Couldn't we be making, "other arrangements" in the meantime of fucking everything up in order to maintain the status quo of infinite government growth?
I don't really see an acknowledgement that the past 150 years of persistent economic growth attributable to the past 150 years of persistent energy growth has ended and "other arrangements" are in order.
You never read 'The Report From Iron Mountain'. There's no profit in peace, and that includes renewable energy.
It's on the Net. Explains pretty much everything that's wrong with the world. Not that it's a new concept, they just put it on paper.
Amazing. I ... don't even know what to say.
Wow.
A beaver taking a salty load, there's something that has never happened before.
Just another article by some goddamn eco-hippy that hates America, and the troops!
Fuckin A! damn right! Ahuhhhhuhuhuhuh!
Taking sarcasm to a whole new level.
LMAO! Sarcasim I work in the industry and if you drink that water you will die....
Not an earth shattering revelation. If you drink ocean water you will die. Upsets and overwhelms the sodium-potassium pump.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase
pods
In other news BP is building beaver dams in the gulf
They will not rest untill every sq inch is fouled and used.
Production water is salt water that is pumped up with the oil and gets seperated from the oil before the oil is stored in tanks next to the pumpjack. A million gallons isn't very much. But the Indians over there have a terrible reputation for everything.
The wastewater can't be that toxic can it? I mean buried forever? I understand that we don't know what is in the frack water thanks to loose regulation and trade secrets. Still it's basically hydrocarbons salt and water, right? It's not like it is mercury or battery acid or something, right?
Unless you own a home with a water well nearby...
There's a list of fracking chemicals above. You don't want them in your drinking water or food.
"You don't want them in your drinking water or food."
Sure don't. And neither do the Oil & Gas E&P companies. Which is why you won't find fracking chemicals in your water or food. Turn off the Matt Damon movie, you fucking idiot.
The article is claiming that this is a result of fracking.
Not entirely accurate, all wells produce salt water, often a 10:1 ratio of salt water to oil. The salt water is seperated from the oil on the surface and disposed of. Usually by pumping it back into the earth in a disposal well or into a dolomite dome.
The article is claiming that this is a result of fracking.
Not entirely accurate, all wells produce salt water, often a 10:1 ratio of salt water to oil. The salt water is seperated from the oil on the surface and disposed of. Usually by pumping it back into the earth in a disposal well or into a dolomite dome.
The main difference is that this salty water was happy and content where it was, deep deep deep below the water table. It's full of a whole bunch of other nasty toxic shit and is being taken out, stored, transported and injected into wells. Well, all that fracking fluid is in there too, and it's going in at high pressure. Congrats, you're fracking the injection wells, and where to they lead to? Where does that water flow? Who knows, no one cares... that is until water supplies start having toxins, heavy metals and radioactive elements in them. 1 in 6 are leaking and that's a conservative estimate.
The best part of the earthquake mess is that yes, there is in fact property damage caused by it. The industry will do all it can to suppress that science, because it means liability. The "profits" are far lower than they want you do believe. They fight against safety measures because it cuts into the bottom line, and they fight against science because increased liabilities would destroy the bottom line. So, in effect, they are not extracting wealth from the ground, they are stealing it from the public.
The only, and I mean ONLY semi responsible action would be complete purification of all water that comes up. Be it desalination or some other process, take your pick. Extract it, collect it, purify it, inject it... hell, as long as it's pure enough you could inject it into the dying aquifers or sell it as grey water. Technology isn't the problem, the problem is cost, and oil companies simply do not like the prospect of having to pay to clean up their own messes.
I like how they use the term "saltwater"....but then again it's oilprice.com and they don't want to bite the hand of the industry that feeds them.
Be interesting to see what kind of shit hole ND is in...oh say, three years? I predict it will be a rural waste land. Like much of Texas. What, you don't know about that? Wonder why.
How, exactly, do you clean a polluted aquifer? How many water wells have been lost to the oil and gas biz in ND. Who gives a fuck, let the spice, er oil, flow!
Regarding your dam complaint...
Only a result of the evil evil state with his evil Environmental Protection Agency. Without the evil state, there would be no agency and no evil socialists making a drama out of some poisioned land and drinking water.
Do the problems of future generations have a market price today? No! So you see, there is no problem, says Mises.
Anyone know what in the fracking waste water?