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Mapping Income Mobility: The Best (And Worst) Places To Grow Up

Tyler Durden's picture




 

A new study from Harvard economists Raj Chetty and Nathaniel Hendren seeks to quantify the financial impact of where America's children are brought up. More specifically, Chetty and Hendren measure "the percentage earnings gain from growing up in each county [in America] relative to an average place for children in low-income families." 

The goal of the study (and its predecessors) is to determine the most effective way to imporove economic outcomes for low-income children. Here, the researchers "focus on families who moved across areas to study how neighborhoods affect upward mobility." Unsurprisingly, Chetty and Hendren "find that every year of exposure to a better environment improves a child’s chances of success." Interestingly, the economists have actually quantified the improvement in order to "estimates of the causal effect of each county in America on upward mobility."

The map below, from NY Times, shows "how much extra money a county causes children in poor families to make" compared to national averages for low-income households:

Click here for interactive map

More from NY Times:

Raj Chetty and Nathaniel Hendren [have had] huge consequences on how we think about poverty and mobility in the United States. The pair, economists at Harvard, have long been known for their work on income mobility, but the latest findings go further. Now, the researchers are no longer confined to talking about which counties merely correlate well with income mobility; new data suggests some places actually cause it.

 

Across the country, the researchers found five factors associated with strong upward mobility: less segregation by income and race, lower levels of income inequality, better schools, lower rates of violent crime, and a larger share of two-parent households. In general, the effects of place are sharper for boys than for girls, and for lower-income children than for rich.

 

“The broader lesson of our analysis,” Mr. Chetty and Mr. Hendren write, “is that social mobility should be tackled at a local level.”

We'll leave you with the following screenshots from the interactive map (presented with no comment):

 

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Wed, 05/06/2015 - 15:54 | 6066857 NoDebt
NoDebt's picture

So, basically, if you hang around mostly with white people of northern European descent a lot, you make more money.

<puts on flame retardant underwear>

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:04 | 6066900 Seek_Truth
Seek_Truth's picture

Leave it to an Ivy League University to measure success by one tired measure- income.

This is why the world is in decrepit shape- Mammon worship.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:06 | 6066910 centerline
centerline's picture

All sucking on a dry teet.  Sad.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:12 | 6066927 kaiserhoff
kaiserhoff's picture

Iowa and Minnesota are looking good,

  except for the 6 months of winter.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:20 | 6066965 CrazyCooter
CrazyCooter's picture

One could argue that winter culls the weak and poorly motivated.

Nothing like drag racing plow mules all summer with aspirations to live through winter to codify work ethic and gumption in the genes!

Regards,

Cooter

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:22 | 6066971 kaiserhoff
kaiserhoff's picture

I grew up in Illinois.

Crappy weather always reminds me of the Midwest.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:25 | 6066985 pods
pods's picture

Upstate NY. Fucking leaves are just coming out NOW for fuck's sake.

pods

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:27 | 6066995 jbvtme
jbvtme's picture

economists...what would we do without them?

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:32 | 6067007 Boris Alatovkrap
Boris Alatovkrap's picture

Boris is confusing... where is on map Minsk!?

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:58 | 6067069 Arnold
Arnold's picture

Good to see you.

Try around Brighton Beach.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 19:25 | 6067441 Macchendra
Macchendra's picture

Former Southern Minnesotan here.  Blame our public schools.  Visited my west Texan cousin who was also in the 6th grade and went with him to school for one day.  I was totally horrified.  A pep rally, a full period of "Square Dancing". 45 minutes post lunch "nap time"???  Man, what a joke.  I was already learning French.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:31 | 6067737 Buckaroo Banzai
Buckaroo Banzai's picture

Hey, square dancing is fun.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 22:00 | 6067820 toady
toady's picture

I'm from that one blue county in central/northern Michigan. I was thinking of moving back to get my kids out of this urban shithole... after this I pretty much have too....

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 23:28 | 6068053 NidStyles
NidStyles's picture

I feel sad, I am from that red spot in Wisconsin. It's a liberal leftist shithole. I am noticing something about this map. The places that are conservative are bluer. So Mises was correct according to this data. Traditional conservativism is truly more valuable.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 23:47 | 6068090 Stuck on Zero
Stuck on Zero's picture

My take on the above study: "Wheee look at me. I can do big data analytics."

 

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 23:54 | 6068104 Oh regional Indian
Oh regional Indian's picture

Interesting counter-pointish study would be to see:

1) How many kids ever get to move out of the hood?

I'd imagine the percentage is extremely small. Ghetto/hoods are like powerful negative spirals, sucking. Plus, if anyone has read the story behind Karen SOmething (Former Bush HUD sec), who pointed out all the targetted drug delivery to "inner cities".

So, these are all artifical conditions. Bad nature and no nurture. Who you gonna blame?

Meanwhile...

Sequence 15...Indian drums...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJU_flXZMuk

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 03:21 | 6068310 OldPhart
OldPhart's picture

Totally underwhelmed.  Thanks, for the loss of my time.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 09:07 | 6068741 NidStyles
NidStyles's picture

He's a product of Indian feminist upbringing, what did you expect? Something of interest to men?

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 17:17 | 6067125 kaiserhoff
kaiserhoff's picture

Another name for Berkley?

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 18:30 | 6067314 mkkby
mkkby's picture

These so called professors will do anything to deny the obvious.  Stay away from ni66er and spic areas and you will do fine.  Let alone not need to carry a defensive weapon around all the time.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 08:25 | 6068640 Kobe Beef
Kobe Beef's picture

Diversity is our strength, comrade.

 

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 03:19 | 6068309 OldPhart
OldPhart's picture

Locally, the alternate name is "Hippy Shithole".

 

And, Boris Alotacrap, missed your posts.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 18:36 | 6067326 graneros
graneros's picture

So good to Boris see I am.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 02:16 | 6068267 CultiVader
CultiVader's picture

Welcome back Boris

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 04:56 | 6068384 HowdyDoody
HowdyDoody's picture

Minsk? Pinsk? Cares who?

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:12 | 6067678 Smiddywesson
Smiddywesson's picture

A world without economists would be like a basketball game without cheerleaders, there would be less irrelevant distractions.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:46 | 6067039 cheech_wizard
cheech_wizard's picture

Western NY

http://www.erh.noaa.gov/buf/blizzard/blizphoto.html

and the above is why I left...

 

 

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 17:13 | 6067110 Falling Down
Falling Down's picture

LOL, Blizzard of '77. Erie froze early that year, and it snowed for weeks before a nasty wind storm came along, and picked up all of that snow off of the ice, and dumped it on the Niagara Frontier.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 03:54 | 6068325 OldPhart
OldPhart's picture

1973/74.

High Desert of California...Barstow, Victorville, Apple Valley, Lucerne Valley.

We usually get snow of about an inch or, at most, a foot.  That year we got four feet for the entire valley.

CalTrans had just fixed up the roads, new smooth blacktop, reflectors in the median, the road lit up like it was electrified.

In the midst of it, Dad had me get up to go with him to work to help watch the road along the way as he went to Norton AFB.  The '48 stake-beds wipers were getting fouled and I had to get upside down and manually move the bar back and forth to make the wipers clear the snow.

We stopped at the gas station in Lucerne Valley...behind us was a blazing blizzard, on the other side of the awning was raging dust storms from the dry lakes.  I got the snow cleared and we filled the tank and drove through Apple Valley down Bear Valley Road, when it ended at the freeway we got on and went another six miles to the Depot, near Hulaville.  We'd gone about 30 miles in three hours.  As we pulled into the depot (basically a gas station restaurant midway between Barstow and San Bernardino) and got out, three guys came by and asked "Where the hell had we come from?"

Dad and I looked back and the stack bed was covered in about six feet of snow that was then covered by another six to eight inches of mud.  It looked like a truck hauling a wet hogan.

Going down Cajon Pass we had one lane on 66 (now the 15) and we were in a literal snow canyon of 18 feet of snow.

Later that day, after we left Norton AFB (pretty boring except I got to play in fighter jets and refueling jets.)  We got to Bear Valley Road without too much incident, might have been another two feet of snow over the freeway canyon.  At Dead Man's Point we had to stop because the CHP put up a roadblock.  We spent the night at the movie set there...it wasn't the Saloon, but the room next door.  COLDER than hell...almost as cold as the night my mom dropped me off to house sit a sheep ranch mobile home when we first moved there when I was ten.  It was pretty damned cold.

Next morning we followed the snowplows back to Lucerne Valley.  The snow stopped falling, and I started to see color popping off what the snowplows were clearing.  We got home, snowplows continued to go on up to Big Bear. Sisters and I begzn to build a huge nekkid snowlady on her knees...she wound up being over ten feet high.  Once that was done, I started clearing out a place to park one of our cars along the road.  No sooner that I had twenty or thirty feet cleared, then cars started to pull in to take chains off, the first one damned near killed me.  Meanwhile, mom was still trapped on top of the hill at Victor Valley Hospital.

We had four to five feet of snow from the door to the road.  So did everyone else.  Getting to a cleared road, for many, took miles to achieve.  The entire valley shut down for a week.

In the spring, after all the snow melted, there were thousands and thousands of road reflectors along the shoulders, and our bus jolted over the gouges made by the snowplows.  From 73 to 77, my Junior and High School years, none of that changed.  But the spring of 73, we had desert flowers that were the most awesome thing anyone has ever seen.

 

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 17:01 | 6067074 HopefulCynical
HopefulCynical's picture

Upstate NY. Fucking leaves are just coming out NOW for fuck's sake.

Global Warming FTW!

/sarc

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:19 | 6067687 Smiddywesson
Smiddywesson's picture

Funny, here on the Mississippi Gulf Coast it's been tee shirts, shorts, and barbecues since February.  Oh, and all the California and Texas rain that didn't happen, evaporation doesn't stop just because you have a drought, a lot of that rain fell here.  Thanks Amigos!  Enjoy the ice age y'all

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 19:44 | 6067471 fastrakn1
fastrakn1's picture

"Upstate NY. Fucking leaves are just coming out NOW for fuck's sake.

pods"

 

Sorry pods...it's rough, I know...used to live in Wisconsin....

 

But on the bright side, the palm trees here in Houston are always basking nicely in the warm sun!

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:27 | 6066990 jbvtme
jbvtme's picture

moved

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 07:09 | 6068494 Edge.case
Edge.case's picture

No, but it (winter) does suck.

Not plow mules, but 70 Cudas and Nova's. I used to ease my Chevy into the snow banks going down country roads, watching the snow fly up over the windshield. Always got stuck eventually, but in the 70's in Iowa, someone was always glad to stop and dig you out. This is something I wouldn't recommend doing in the areas shaded in red in the map above, lest you end up robbed, beaten and possibly dead. 

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:11 | 6067673 Smiddywesson
Smiddywesson's picture

"Leave it to an Ivy League University to measure success by one tired measure- income."

 

That sounds swell, but in a world where the middle class is living paycheck to paycheck, I kinda fucking measure success by income, because I would really like to send my kids to college and not saddle them with debt, and actually be able to retire without fear.  Hey, thanks for your opinion, but the world is in a decrepit shape because of greed and corruption, not metrics of how the common man is faring.  

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:11 | 6067674 A Nanny Moose
A Nanny Moose's picture

Indeed. My Grandmother often told stories of how they rarely, if ever, saw any money at all during TGD 1.0 (a.k.a. The State Monetary Manipulation of 1929). Though they had little "money" they did not want for food, or shelter. Surely they were below the poverty line.

Rather than the "love of money being the root of evil," perhaps the love of currency is the root of evil?

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:22 | 6067709 Smiddywesson
Smiddywesson's picture

Under the yoke  of that Marxist bastard, FDR, all federal assistance was targeted towards Republican districts so that he could buy their votes. He compltely ignored the plight of the poor black sharecroppers down south because he had thier districts locked up.  For this act of betrayal, putting his personal interests above the people's interests in a time of crisis, he is still loved to this day by the Marxist cock sucking MSM.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 17:04 | 6067082 Butterflying
Butterflying's picture

My last pay check was $9500 working 12 hours a week online. My sisters friend has been averaging 15k for months now and she works about 20 hours a week. I can't believe how easy it was once I tried it out. This is what I do... www.jobs-review.com

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:02 | 6067647 cheech_wizard
cheech_wizard's picture

Abuse/Complaints: abuse [ at ] zerohedge.com

Note to Tylers... Again, the time between the first spam post and the time the individual is tossed off the website should be zero.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:26 | 6067716 Smiddywesson
Smiddywesson's picture

I can't believe how easy it was to make money online.  I just spammed 10k people,, and 1/2 of 1% were stupid enough to send a cocksucking vermin like myself their hard earned money so I could utterly destroy their financial situation and dreams just to fuel my sociopathic nature.  

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 17:04 | 6067083 Ginsengbull
Ginsengbull's picture

Hey, some of my friends are White...

 

(And so is all of my family.)

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:29 | 6067733 Smiddywesson
Smiddywesson's picture

I kinda feel, human nature being what it is, if you don't have an affinity for your own race, you are an aberation and inherently untrustworty.  Let's face it, our DNA is encoded to reward loyalty to our own.  That doesn't translate into hating anyone else, but it does mean anyone who habitually attacks his own race is a mad dog who should be avoided.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 17:09 | 6067098 drendebe10
drendebe10's picture

Baltimore?  It couldn't be anything to do with the decades and decades of liberal progressive democrap policies by the city gubmint with no accountability to cost or outcomes could it?  Certainly not like Death-troit.....   nah, no way..... nope.....

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 17:17 | 6067122 seek
seek's picture

Pretty much, NoDebt. I don't think it's being white so much as the work ethic. Hang around people with a work ethic and you make more.

Notice in my state (AZ) there's orange blocks in the northeast. Those are reservations. I learned from a past native american girlfriend of mine, it's super common for native americans here to integrate and not live on the rez, because they're better off financially (and many other ways); that in turn results in the rez progressively getting more and more ghettofied and the people that stay there more and more poor.

So what this study really is: a giant map of selection bias. You're a parent and you want your kids to succeed? You move to places with better schools and more opportunities, you don't stay in freakin' Baltimore. You don't give a shit and are already on multiple forms of financial aid, you stay in your ghetto and so do your kids that suffer the consequences.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 04:07 | 6068332 OldPhart
OldPhart's picture

Precisely why I moved my kids from the Redneck Riviera to California, where my personal experience was that it was the best at education...little did I know how much it changed from 1977 to 1990.

However, I do have two sons, with no arrest records, that have stable jobs, (one thirteen fucking years in Butt Fuck Afghanistan, the other an Eagle Scout and about five years as a Starbucks Coffee Guru [I can't stand Starbucks coffee, don't understand what he does, but, apparently he's a prominent coffee sissy])

Point is, you want your kids to learn, you pull them from shitholes and then focus your attention to their learning.  And teachers are the lowest fucking form of life on this planet, directly after politicians.  Learn that fucking fact and your kids will be little Einsteins.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:07 | 6067656 Smiddywesson
Smiddywesson's picture

"So, basically, if you hang around mostly with white people of northern European descent a lot, you make more money."

 

 

Well, I would guess that is true, but it's demonstrably true you are much likely to be murdered, raped, or otherwise perforated.  Hanging around white people is a scientifically proven method of surviving.  My vote is with the numbers.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 23:23 | 6068040 bh2
bh2's picture

Just move Baltimore snug up against Washington DC and it would become another of the 8 wealthiest counties in America.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 01:00 | 6068208 Wannabe_Oracle
Wannabe_Oracle's picture

This analysis (and re-post) is the most absurd, waste of time junk I have read (this week) -- irrelevant drivel.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 04:28 | 6068345 Butterflying
Butterflying's picture

My last pay check was $9500 working 12 hours a week online. My sisters friend has been averaging 15k for months now and she works about 20 hours a week. I can't believe how easy it was once I tried it out. This is what I do... www.jobs-review.com

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 07:38 | 6068551 de3de8
de3de8's picture

WALOS

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 15:55 | 6066868 ted41776
ted41776's picture

"organized communities" are modern day concentration camps

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 17:12 | 6067108 drendebe10
drendebe10's picture

...hey, wasn't the fudgepacker a "community organizer"?

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 17:20 | 6067135 kaiserhoff
kaiserhoff's picture

I think that's fudgepackee;)

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:16 | 6067683 A Nanny Moose
A Nanny Moose's picture

Those with their shit packed, are most prepared in the event of disaster.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 04:08 | 6068333 OldPhart
OldPhart's picture

Not me...I spend hours on the shitter.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 15:56 | 6066869 FlacoGee
FlacoGee's picture

What the fuck does this mean:  "How much extra money a county causes children in poor families to make, compared with children in poor families nationwide."

Have I stopped comprehending English or are motherfuckers speaking some other form of English now-a-days?

I feel like the angry man with dementia in 80s commercials.

 

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:02 | 6066884 centerline
centerline's picture

Dont feel bad.  Either we both have it in spades or the world has gone to an English major's hell. 

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 20:04 | 6067507 MisterMousePotato
MisterMousePotato's picture

@FlacoGee: I was also puzzled by the inclusion of many more colors on the map than explained in the key.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:09 | 6067665 Rusty Shorts
Rusty Shorts's picture

...its common core bullshit.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 08:42 | 6068675 Kobe Beef
Kobe Beef's picture

But the authors FEEL really good about their work, so they got a trophy.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:06 | 6066906 Skateboarder
Skateboarder's picture

Chetty and Hendren mean to say "Estimated wage differential comparison to national average at age 26 for a child (age range 0-20) growing up today."

Instead, you and I both read gobbeldygook.

edit: @centerline: Today's [crappy] engineers are far superior writers than "English Major" types. Sigh...

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:29 | 6066997 FlacoGee
FlacoGee's picture

Thank you greatly for the translation.

I now understand.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:06 | 6066907 elephant
elephant's picture

I am so relieved that you brought that up.  I thought I was having a stroke.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:09 | 6066918 Urban Redneck
Urban Redneck's picture

I thought I was reading one of my own posts.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:26 | 6066991 pods
pods's picture

I figured I would see at the end of it "american citizenism like american citizenism requires."

pods

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:34 | 6067011 centerline
centerline's picture

Watch out.  If you say words like that too much we might wind up with an Anon sighting.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 17:15 | 6067114 drendebe10
drendebe10's picture

Correction:   "american cretenism"

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 19:06 | 6067398 lordylord
lordylord's picture

"What the fuck does this mean"

Apparently, individuals don't earn their living.  The county causes them to earn it. You didn't earn/build that.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:02 | 6067645 Village-idiot
Village-idiot's picture

I was wondering the same thing.

The only way it makes sense is if we had child-labour still in effect.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:02 | 6067646 Village-idiot
Village-idiot's picture

I was wondering the same thing.

The only way it makes sense is if we had child-labour still in effect.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 23:24 | 6068042 takeaction
takeaction's picture

AWESOME...I read that line 5 or 6 times to myself, I felt so lost not comprehending that.......and you guys here on ZH sometimes can step it up on the verbiage as well as an elivated vocabulary....I don't feel so bad now.  

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 23:36 | 6068071 fasTTcar
fasTTcar's picture

I am going to play my closely held asshole card and call you out on your spelling of elevated.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 04:11 | 6068334 OldPhart
OldPhart's picture

Common Core...for the win!

We're going to be seeing a shitload more of this sort of propaganda.

Those of us that learned to parse are going to be gagging over the sentences we'll see.

It'll be Dr. Seuss on meth.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 15:58 | 6066877 gaoptimize
gaoptimize's picture

Red states (Republican controlled) looking good.  I know the meme here is that "There is no diference between the red team and the blue team".  Maybe in national politics, but probably not at county and state Government.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:17 | 6066951 kaiserhoff
kaiserhoff's picture

Having a caring father seems to make a world of difference.

Who knew?

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 17:16 | 6067115 Big Corked Boots
Big Corked Boots's picture

Maybe. About half of the Midwest and Mountain states show up as light blue, meaning 'no data'. It's kinda convenient that's flyover country to the eastern (pseudo)intellectual elite.

Aside from the study being bullshit, it's almost as if they had to no-data the Dakotas so they don't embarrass the rest of the country.

These Hahvahd bois wouldn't dare overlay other data on this, like race, huh?

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:19 | 6067698 TheGreatRecovery
TheGreatRecovery's picture

A lot of THE SOUTH is Republican: Florida, South Carolina, Louisiana, and others.  They don't look so prosperous on the map to me.

Also, isn't Arizona Republican?  That doesn't look so prosperous to me either.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 10:48 | 6069064 TheGreatRecovery
TheGreatRecovery's picture

"When I say a word, it means exactly what I WANT IT to mean!"

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:01 | 6066887 Squid Viscous
Squid Viscous's picture

these guys had to go to Harvard to figure this shit out?

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:14 | 6066940 Arnold
Arnold's picture

Naw,you could go to Worcester and come up with the same result.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:58 | 6067070 FrankieGoesToHo...
FrankieGoesToHollywood's picture

No; but it took the clout of Harvard to snowball the gov to give them the grant money.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 00:22 | 6068165 not a yahoo
not a yahoo's picture

No; the gov needs the clout of Harvard to snowball the electorate to give them the money

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 17:19 | 6067128 Wahooo
Wahooo's picture

You don't go to Harvard to figure out how to earn money. You go to Harvard to figure out how to make money.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:02 | 6066891 Consuelo
Consuelo's picture

"The broader lesson of our analysis,” Mr. Chetty and Mr. Hendren write, “is that social mobility should be tackled at a local level.”

Ah yes, but ~who~ to do the 'tackling'...?   Silly question, for we already know...

The only thing that needs a good 'tackle', is government interference and overreach.   Rather amazing things happen when people are allowed to 'transact' on their own... 

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:04 | 6066898 centerline
centerline's picture

Perpetual welfare is like a bug zapper.  They just can't help themselves.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:03 | 6066894 Mike Honcho
Mike Honcho's picture

...better schools, lower rates of violent crime, and a larger share of two-parent households. In general, all of the obvious stuff.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:09 | 6066917 quasimodo
quasimodo's picture

Bingo. My county is way up there in ranking on that map but since these are not rocket science based findings I was not that surprised.

If anyone here wants a really bad headache, go and read the full study on this. It will have you hanging from the rafters in no time at all.

 

 

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:49 | 6067045 cheech_wizard
cheech_wizard's picture

Considering the taxpayer probably funded this study, can't I hang the authors of this study instead?

 

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:09 | 6066921 Amish Hacker
Amish Hacker's picture

If you want to be shocked by income inequality, you don't have to compare two different counties.  Even within the same county, rich and poor are often geographically side by side, yet lightyears apart financially. Take any measure of well-being---longevity, infant mortality, income, education, access to healthcare, etc.--- and compare a rich neighborhood to a nearby poor one, e.g. the Oakland Hills and East Oakland. You might as well be talking about two different universes, and this is true in many, many places in America.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:17 | 6066946 Skateboarder
Skateboarder's picture

In Northern California, it's real simple template, perhaps true in most other places as well: The middle klass and rich live on the _____ side of the freeway (with the rich being further away), and the poor people live on the other [opposite of _____] side.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 04:14 | 6068336 OldPhart
OldPhart's picture

"West" [edict, common core:  Left]

"East"  [edict: common core:  Right]

And the Mary Jane growers live on the North, dealing to west, east and south...and sometimes north.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:16 | 6066948 spinone
spinone's picture

It's a matter of income, home environment (two parents) school quality and healthcare.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:39 | 6067762 FredFlintstone
FredFlintstone's picture

And genetics

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:27 | 6066993 all-priced-in
all-priced-in's picture

Do smarter harder working people end up with more financial wealth

 

or

 

Does financial wealth create smarter harder working people?

 

Sure some goes both ways - if your parents are financially solid and you suck at math - your mom or dad (that graduated from college) can help you with your homework or hire a tutor to help you.

 

If your mom is a crack addict and you don't know your dad because your mom isn't even sure who he is - and you suck at math - you don't get any help and you drop out of high school.

 

What is more important - having money or having parents (two) and a family that cares about the kid enough to actually try and raise them?

 

 

 

 

 

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 17:18 | 6067126 drendebe10
drendebe10's picture

Who comes first, the chicken or the egg?

Well, duh, the rooster....

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 17:29 | 6067165 caconhma
caconhma's picture

It is too simple and too obvious to call things by their own names.

For slaves, any ruling elite and churches always preferred to use Latin or bird languages. Consequently, people understood nothing and were afraid to ask questions.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 20:57 | 6067633 Village-idiot
Village-idiot's picture

Only the Roman Catholic church used Latin; Protestants used their own native language.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:17 | 6067691 Rusty Shorts
Rusty Shorts's picture

Is "Novus ordo seclorum" Latin?

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:22 | 6067706 TheGreatRecovery
TheGreatRecovery's picture

Because the Roman Catholic Church IS the Roman Empire.  Rome never really fell; it just silently became the Church.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 20:12 | 6067527 Village-idiot
Village-idiot's picture

I do NOT agree! As a teenager or young adult you make a conscious decision to be like your family or friends, or you can decide to be different.

That's the decision that I made. I decided to never smoke, to rarely drink alcohol, I decided to never use illegal drugs. I decided to graduate High School and get a post-secondary education, I decided to never use debt; I pay cash for everything. etc.. I am now retired, have no criminal record, am in perfect health and I'm enjoying life.

No one else in my family did any of these things.

They were MY decisions.

Stop making excuses for others! They'll make decisions for better or worse, for themselves.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 22:11 | 6067851 JessieSharpton
JessieSharpton's picture

"Stop making excuses for others! They'll make decisions for better or worse, for themselves."

That is so racist.

And how can I lead my people to freedom...telling them that cracka assed crackery!

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 04:21 | 6068339 OldPhart
OldPhart's picture

I do NOT agree! As a teenager or young adult you make a conscious decision to be like your family or friends, or you can decide to be different.

That's the decision that I made. I decided to never smoke,

to rarely drink alcohol,

I decided to never use illegal drugs.  Check

I decided to graduate High School and get a post-secondary education, Check

I decided to never use debt; I pay cash for everything. etc..[Qalified Check, took out a mortgage]

I am now retired, 

have no criminal record, Check

am in perfect health

and I'm enjoying life.  Check [except I see what is coming]

No one else in my family did any of these things.  Check

They were MY decisions.  Check

Stop making excuses for others! They'll make decisions for better or worse, for themselves.

 

So, in review, don't smoke or drink...it will fuck your life up.  {or fuck, it'll fuck your life up even more!!}

You can thank me for boiling this down to one sentence by sending me 1,000 of what is soon to be the worlds reserve currency.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 22:08 | 6067842 JessieSharpton
JessieSharpton's picture

"What is more important - having money or having parents (two)"

Both are important you racist cracka assed cracka.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 10:14 | 6068733 all-priced-in
all-priced-in's picture

I wasn't even thinking about race when I posted -  but now that I am thinking about it I can see your point.

 

It is sad -

 

That young barnyard animals have a higher chance of being around both of their parents than most young urban blacks.

 

Let me guess - you blame white people for that.

 

People - even black people - need to take some personal responsibility and be accountable for their decisions. 

 

Have a nice day.

 

 

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:14 | 6066931 spinone
spinone's picture

It's just a map of where poor black people live.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:14 | 6066941 centerline
centerline's picture

With a few latinos and indians thrown in for good measure.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:19 | 6066960 daveO
daveO's picture

Sho' nuff, but that wouldn't fly at Haavaad.

http://www.censusscope.org/us/map_nhblack.html

 

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 22:14 | 6067862 JessieSharpton
JessieSharpton's picture

Time to get out of the south....

Whoops, I mean look at all those poor minorities in the south who need my help in freeing them from the shakles of the white mans greed!

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 17:02 | 6066964 Arnold
Arnold's picture

Ve ready got Somali problem.

Ve don need the Urban 'Fricken problem here too.

http://www.npr.org/2015/02/18/387302748/minneapolis-st-paul-remains-a-fo...

Der kinders are going out into the world just well.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 20:00 | 6067497 Village-idiot
Village-idiot's picture

Correction: It's a map of where black people live.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:16 | 6066947 Consuelo
Consuelo's picture

What did gramma used to say when we were kids:

 

"Just because you're poor, doesn't mean you have to be a slob..."

 

 

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 04:25 | 6068342 OldPhart
OldPhart's picture

Mine was a bit meaner...

"Just because you're poor, doesn't mean you don't need your ass whipped.  Go get me a switch!"

And you'd BEST bring her back something that resembled a stout tree branch.  God help you if she rejected your offer and went to get one of her own!!

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:17 | 6066953 Caveman93
Caveman93's picture

"The pair, economists at Harvard..."

Well no wonder.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:25 | 6066986 kaiserhoff
kaiserhoff's picture

That's Hah-vud, to us working stiffs.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:24 | 6066978 czarangelus
czarangelus's picture

Fed-driven income inequality is the chicken, social unrest; poverty; mass incarceration; and acts of pointless violence are the egg.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:30 | 6067003 papaswamp
papaswamp's picture

The problem with the study is they based it on children moving in the 1980s-1990's. Though interesting, their data is now way off since the wealth and develope,ent in many areas have changed dramatically since then.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:36 | 6067021 centerline
centerline's picture

The map could easily be updated with a pen of just one color.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:37 | 6067023 gwar5
gwar5's picture

People are not criminals because they are poor, they are poor because they are criminals. It's a lifestyle choice for those guys.

 

And being classified poor, as measured by income, is inflammatory and misleading. Everyone is poor from 18-25 yo when they don't have real jobs, and everyone is poor again after turning 65 and retiring. The middle earning years are usually pretty good. Poverty for most is a lifecycle event and not a permanent condition as might be expected for some handicapped and mentally ill people that need to be counted. But at 65 you could also have a net worth of $1M, no earned income, and be classified as poor.

Poverty has shot up 40% under Obama to 15%. That's bad and it's going to get worse as the middle earning years come under pressure. But crime has not gone up 40%. There you have.

 

"Deal with it!" -- jackbooted lesbian


Wed, 05/06/2015 - 16:58 | 6067068 aldousd
aldousd's picture

What do they mean by 'make more money'...  if they're including government dole, then this could just be a map of which areas offer hte most government assistance...

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 17:19 | 6067127 Kirk2NCC1701
Kirk2NCC1701's picture

Need the map of where rich Zionists live.

Lemme guess... $1 M homes, located in Top 20 Markets.   Well, maybe not top 20.  Top 10.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 17:28 | 6067161 ElixirMixer
ElixirMixer's picture

Some of the map is common sense, but the prevalence of dark blue in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and northern Iowa is interesting considering other areas that are probably just as predominantly white are nowhere near as blue.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 18:27 | 6067305 NuckingFuts
NuckingFuts's picture

Having been born and raised near the WI, MN, IA border area, I have some insight. The culture there in the 70's and 80's was still quite good and folks still had a good work ethic and feared debt. Yes, it was very white and that had a lot to do with it. But as posted above, the winter does weed out the weaklings. -20 below was not that crazy, life went on, but you made sure you saved for heating cost and other weather related expenses. Many time my ulitiiy bills were higher then my rent when I was a young adult and so you planed accordingly. If you got to November with no savings you were fucked. And most of the people I grew up around avoided debt at all costs.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:34 | 6067749 FredFlintstone
FredFlintstone's picture

You also can't skimp on tires and car battery

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 22:55 | 6067969 Farmer Joe in B...
Farmer Joe in Brooklyn's picture

I'm originally from the same area. Between the hard lessons learned by my grandparents during the great depression and the brutal weather, people just learned to hunker down and live within their means...

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 23:28 | 6068050 all-priced-in
all-priced-in's picture

I was born in South Dakota - south east corner  - also lived in Iowa and Minnesota.

 

Smaller communities - so people know their neighbors - only a few major urban centers -

 

If you are a DB everyone in town knows it -  people look out for each other.

 

 

 

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 20:20 | 6067549 Swave
Swave's picture

TRANSLATION: Get ready White suburbanites. Obongo's "sons" and "amigos" are coming to a 'cul de sac' near you.

All these decades of "studying" poverty, and the answer to "inequality" was right under our noses all along. Thanks to this latest "study" - the findings of which, according to the article, "have been presented to members of the Obama administration, as well as to Hillary Rodham Clinton and Jeb Bush, both of whom have signaled that mobility will be central themes of their 2016 presidential campaigns."

Be assured that this latest buzz-word - "mobility" - is not to be confused with the traditional methods of climbing the socio-economic ladder (hard work, discipline, frugality, patience etc.) In Marxified Amerika, such quaint old fashioned virtues are as outdated as knickerbockers and petticoats. In the abomination that is the Obama-Nation, "mobility" will be achieved simply by transplanting feral inmates from the inner-city into the suburbs (on the 'racist' suburban taxpayers' dime, of course). Sulzberger's hand-picked academics argue that the Welfare Queen's loud litter of fatherless pups will somehow magically transform into the Huxtable Family when we place them in the predominately White

Amazing what a lawn and some trees can do! Nonetheless, ladies, if the charming 'Dr. Huxtable' offers you a drink, politely decline.

After the Los Angeles riots of 1992, the social engineers of Congress created an anti-poverty scheme called 'Moving to Opportunity'. It gave vouchers to help poor families move to better neighborhoods. As even this Slime's article confirms, the long-term results showed no significant improvement in either education or income. The idiot "intellectuals" were at a loss to explain why their scheme failed.

Now, from Manhattan's Mount Olympus comes the trumpeted word of a "new study" to contradict the old one. Typical! Harvard egg-head Raj Chety, the author of the study and protege of Harvard's Martin Feldstein (cough-cough), is quoted:

The data show we can do something about upward mobility. Every extra year of childhood spent in a better neighborhood seems to matter."

We are quite certain that Professor Chety's community will be exempted from the coming "cultural enrichment" that will be unleashed upon the middle-class suburbs. As with so many of these "studies", the great and good "intellectuals" who craft them are so blinded by their preconceived biases and well-meaning pipe dreams, that they fail to notice the inherent flaws and circular logic (illogic) embedded in their experiments. For example, the article reveals:

"Based on the earnings records of millions of families that moved with children, it finds that poor children who grow up in some cities and towns have sharply better odds of escaping poverty than similar poor children elsewhere."

Mr. Chety, did it occur to you that the "families that moved" did so because they had already escaped poverty? In other words, the families did not achieve upward mobility because they moved. They moved because they achieved upward mobility! Having moved up as the result of hard work, focus and discipline, is it really so surprising that such parents would then pass those values onto their children, who then go on to become more successful adults?

If the bleeding heart Chety is so concerned about "poverty", perhaps he should go back to India and put his "Harvard training" to use in improving the slums of New Dehli.

Whether they are merely stupid or just plain evil, logic never seems to matter to these academic Lefties. David B. Grusky (cough-cough), director of the Center on Poverty and Inequality at Stanford University, adds his two-cents:

“This (study) delivers the most compelling evidence yet that neighborhoods matter in a really big way."

That's great, David. Why don't you adopt little Malik?

Of course, at the highest levels of America's PRC (Predatory Ruling Class), the "anti-poverty" spin for this totalitarian scheme has a much darker motive. The Globo-Zio elite couldn't give a rat's arse about the sanctified "poor". The goal here is the obliteration of White America (and Mother Europe). And this "study" fits in perfectly with what we already know about Obongo's plans to flood the suburbs with free-loaders. From U.S. News & World Report, 2013 - Read it and weep:

HUD Proposes Plan to Racially, Economically Integrate Neighborhoods

The Department of Housing and Urban Development has proposed a rule to desegregate U.S. neighborhoods.

"The Department of Housing and Urban Development has proposed a new plan to change U.S. neighborhoods it says are racially imbalanced or are too tilted toward rich or poor, arguing the country's housing policies have not been effective at creating the kind of integrated communities the agency had hoped for.

The proposed federal rule, called "Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing," is currently under a 60-day public comment period. Though details of how the policy would specifically work are unclear, the rule says HUD would provide states, local governments and others who receive agency money with data and a geo-spatial tool to look at "patterns of integration and segregation; racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty; access to education, employment, low-poverty, transportation, and environmental health."

Oh Boobus Caucasianus Americanus (and Europithecus, Canadius and Australopithecus)! Has the mind-numbing and soul-crushing din of the Devil's Loud-speaker (TV) so dulled your mind and desensitized your heart to the point that you cannot hear the death-bells tolling, nor see the grim reaper of genocide approaching? Evidently so.

1- "Yo! Snow White. Ya'll want some of diz, neighbor?"

2 - Meanwhile, Snow White's father has more important things on his mind.

Mike King tomatobubble dot com

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:24 | 6067713 Rusty Shorts
Rusty Shorts's picture

+1 ZILLION

..."forcing the residents to relocate with rental vouchers" 

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEwCKtUJuFw

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 22:43 | 6067930 RaceToTheBottom
RaceToTheBottom's picture

West Hollywood, where two gay guys and a Mandarin baby find happiness.  Not that there is anything wrong with that....

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:00 | 6067643 Soul Glow
Soul Glow's picture

Where is Geraldo?

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 21:46 | 6067777 Yes_Questions
Yes_Questions's picture

just zillow'd my childhood home. says the "cause" number is $570 in its county. fucking place is zestimated at 700k (trust me: NOT!!) but, i have followed the ole hood's values since it is an original white-flight enclave. looks like they're keeping up tradition because the only reason to pay that much to live there is for the EXCLUSIVITY that comes with way overpriced homes. dad (an immigrant, mind you) picked well on the one hand. got the pad in 74' for 75k. didn't mix well with the other pale skinned escapees for the most part tho. and divorce shattered the whole thing anyway. which leads me to this: academics are entirely too faithful. both in dogma and themselves. I digress.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 00:06 | 6068129 Cornfedbloodstool
Cornfedbloodstool's picture

I have done the same thing from time to time. The Zwillow value of my childhood home is 250k. Im talking about a 40 year old raised ranch still with the original asbestos siding 1300sf. No pool no patio 2 car garage. 6k in property taxes. I think my Dad bought it for 15k in 1969. Upstate NY.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 22:07 | 6067836 JessieSharpton
JessieSharpton's picture

""So, basically, if you hang around mostly with white people of northern European descent a lot, you make more money."

This is the most racist assed comment I have ever seen!
I am shocked! Outraged!

I want reparations for all black men.

And I want my own private jet to fly to the next race riots.

And new suits.

And high priced hookers.
The ones who go to dubai and saudi arabica and have rich oil barons poop on them.

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 23:57 | 6068093 Atomizer
Atomizer's picture

This is a liberal map. They're trying to expand entitlements. I grew up near the rockefeller family. Great people.

However, we will take out any person or organization that wishes to embark on a Global Government. 

/ beforehand my good friends from Cleveland, OH.  :)

Edit: Weather is better in SC. Staying in HHI for the summer. Contact me. Winks. 

Wed, 05/06/2015 - 23:52 | 6068102 Arthur Schopenhauer
Arthur Schopenhauer's picture

When I was 27 I went through a divorce. At the time I didn't have a college degree. So, I sold all of my shit, and cut my expenses by moving down to the "wrong side of the tracks" so I could afford go to college.

While I was down on the poor side of town, I bought all kinds of shit and the resold it - at sometimes 100 to 500 percent profit, to people from the "right side of the tracks" who thought they were taking advantage of me because they saw I was a person living on the "wrong side of the tracks".

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 00:13 | 6068143 Atomizer
Atomizer's picture

Wish I could share this motto. Mrs Atomizer couldn't tell me. She's sleeping. All she told me was to duck off. Meaning Fuck off. 

Life has up and downs. Stay focused. At your worst element, you'll propel. Good luck. 

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 00:07 | 6068131 not a yahoo
not a yahoo's picture

Ok so growing up in Baltimore is bad because everyone is poor there? So you're saying just evacuate Baltimore and move them people to good middle class areas????  Just make sure to leave behind all the stuff that makes this area 'bad', mind you.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 00:26 | 6068170 Atomizer
Atomizer's picture

One day, you'll learn about how government expands and contracts ubran vs. suburbs taxation development models. It's a fucking game to reel in the stupid. 

Shall I plant a pathway with skittles?  

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 00:31 | 6068177 kelley805
kelley805's picture

And after kids, comes retirement right?  Guess again.

 

http://michaelekelley.com/2013/02/01/cheating-death-by-procrastination/

 

Enjoy!

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 00:35 | 6068182 besnook
besnook's picture

looks like the traditional liberal and conservative areas do alright, even in the northeast urban areas. the south is clearly a messed up place to live if you are poor. before anyone comments about southern black people, remember all the white trailer trash that make up the majority of the poor in the south.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 01:13 | 6068219 MEFOBILLS
MEFOBILLS's picture

In the age of the internet, there is no excuse for economists who ignore HBD science.  

http://www.vdare.com/articles/wanted-more-race-realism-less-moralistic-fallacy

 

5. Brain Size Differences.

Larger brains are more intelligent because they contain more neurons and synapses and can process information more efficiently. Two dozen studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have shown that brain size is related to IQ differences within race with a correlation of about 0.40.

The different races also have different brain sizes. One studyfollowed 50,000 children from birth to age 7. The East Asian American children in the sample averaged a larger head circumference at birth, 4 months, 1 year, and 7 years than did the White children, who in turn averaged a larger head circumference than did the Black children. By age 7, the East Asian American children had an average IQ of 110; Whites, 102; and Blacks 90.

The findings on race differences in brain size are highly reliable. They have been confirmed using four independent procedures—MRI, endocranial volume from empty skulls, wet brain weight at autopsy, and external head size measures.

How do our critics handle this evidence? Rather than refuting or challenging these facts, they completely ignore them.

6. Trans-Racial Adoption Studies. 

 

Average race differences remain despite adoption of blacks by White middle-class parents. This has been demonstrated by a number of surveys, notably the Minnesota Transracial Adoption Study. The effects are especially noticeable after puberty.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 01:28 | 6068230 joego1
joego1's picture

Doesn't explain why physically small people with small heads can be geniuses. Most people use a very small portion of their brains.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 01:37 | 6068240 MEFOBILLS
MEFOBILLS's picture

To joego1, the exception doesn't make the rule.  Statistics are large data sets across large populations.  Exceptions are logical fallacies.  Women also have smaller brains, and function well, but the overall correlation still exists and cannot be ignored.

 

http://psychology.uwo.ca/faculty/rushtonpdfs/Gould.pdf

 

Steven Jay Gould, Jewish, is up to the usual dissimulation typical of his tribe.  The message is that all tribal groups are the same, and hence should mix, while Jewish should remain as a special ‘superior’ in-group.

The 1965 immigration act was fomented by Jewish activism, funded by Jewish money power, written by Jewish legislators, and put into law largely with Jewish Congressmen.  Bye Bye American Pie.

Other mind fuck constructs given to us by our tribal friends include the Frankfurt School:

http://www.henrymakow.com/frankfurt-school-satanic-judaism-in-action.html

Tenets of Frankfurt school:

1. The creation of racism offences.

2. Continual change to create confusion

3. The teaching of sex and homosexuality to children

4. The undermining of schools' and teachers' authority

5. Huge immigration to destroy identity.

6. The promotion of excessive drinking

7. Emptying of churches

8. An unreliable legal system with bias against victims of crime

9. Dependency on the state or state benefits

10. Control and dumbing down of media

11. Encouraging the breakdown of the family

 

 

 

 

 

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 01:39 | 6068242 GardenWeasel
GardenWeasel's picture

Oh man, what a crock. People tend to live out there days close to where they were born. If it is a lower income area, well, there you have it.  But the cost of living varies greatly.  A person in rural Mississipi can make half of what someone in Los Angeles makes and live a better life.  there are many factors not considered here.  Typical academic B.S.

 

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 01:53 | 6068250 basho
basho's picture

economists deciding on the quality of life.

this analysis leaves so many questions unanswered as to be practically useless.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 02:06 | 6068262 21centurydragon...
21centurydragonslayer's picture

Black Mob Violence: the Knock Out Game

http://winteractionables.com/?p=20614

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 05:08 | 6068390 mercy
mercy's picture

The best to grow up is in a household with two parents who love themselves, each other and you. The worst place is anywhere else.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 06:05 | 6068429 Klemens
Klemens's picture

 

       

Long Term Wilderness Bug Out Bag  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bEC6Ve1HOo
Thu, 05/07/2015 - 13:17 | 6068719 fedupwhiteguy
fedupwhiteguy's picture

Very indepth discussion of a BOB. Thanks for the link.

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 07:52 | 6068573 mantrid
mantrid's picture

so if I comapre this map with the famous Blue-Red States political map (Rep-Dem map)

does it mean socialism (aka 'progressive lilberalism') is actually bad for kids?

 

whatdoyaknow!

Thu, 05/07/2015 - 08:25 | 6068641 DutchBoy2015
DutchBoy2015's picture

USA has the worst Grade 1-12 education in the world.   

Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site!