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5 Investing Myths Debunked
Submitted by Lance Roberts via STA Wealth Management,
1) The Market Has Generated 10% Annual Returns
One of the biggest myths perpetrated by Wall Street on investors is showing individuals the following chart and telling them over the “long-term” the stock market has generated a 10% annualized total return.
The statement is not entirely false. Since 1900, stock market appreciation plus dividends have provided investors with an AVERAGE return of 10% per year. Historically, 4%, or 40% of the total return, came from dividends alone. The other 60% came from capital appreciation that averaged 6% and equated to the long-term growth rate of the economy.
However, there are several fallacies with the notion that the markets long-term will compound 10% annually.
1) The market does not return 10% every year. There are many years where market returns have been sharply higher and significantly lower.
2) The analysis does not include the real world effects of inflation, taxes, fees and other expenses that subtract from total returns over the long-term.
3) You don’t have 144 years to invest and save.
The chart below shows what happens to a $1000 investment from 1871 to present including the effects of inflation, taxes, and fees. (Assumptions: I have used a 15% tax rate on years the portfolio advanced in value, CPI as the benchmark for inflation and a 1% annual expense ratio. In reality, all of these assumptions are quite likely on the low side.)
As you can see, there is a dramatic difference in outcomes over the long-term.
From 1871 to present the total nominal return was 9.07% versus just 6.86% on a “real” basis. While the percentages may not seem like much, over such a long period the ending value of the original $1000 investment was lower by an astounding $260 million dollars.
Importantly, as stated previously, and as I will discuss more in a moment, the return that investors receive from the financial markets is more dependent on the “WHEN” you begin investing.
2) I Can Beat/Outperform The Stock Market
No, you can’t. I discussed this idea in much more detail in “Why You Can’t Beat The Index.” However, here is the important point.
The issues of stock buybacks, the "substitution effect", taxes, expenses and fees all lead to the underperformance of the index. In a recent article, a study found that only 1 in 4 mutual fund managers outperforms the market index over long periods. Of those that outperformed the average outperformance was .12% before fees and expenses. However, the fees and expenses were larger than the level of outperformance. This, of course, does not also include the tax impact on gains and income.
The problem with chasing performance, of course, is that once you fall behind you take on MORE risk to try and make up the difference. This leads, ultimately, to bigger mistakes that cost investors dearly.
This could not be more to the point than anything that we have discussed today. Comparison of your performance to an index is the most useless, and potentially dangerous, the thing that you can do as an investor.
"Comparison is the cause of more unhappiness in the world than anything else. Perhaps it is inevitable that human beings as social animals have an urge to compare themselves with one another. Maybe it is just because we are all terminally insecure in some cosmic sense.
Comparison in the financial arena is the main reason clients have trouble patiently sitting on their hands, letting whatever process they are comfortable with work for them. They get waylaid by some comparison along the way and lose their focus. If you tell a client that they made 12% on their account, they are very pleased. If you subsequently inform them that 'everyone else' made 14%, you have made them upset. The whole financial services industry, as it is constructed now, is predicated on making people upset so they will move their money around in a frenzy. Money in motion creates fees and commissions. The creation of more and more benchmarks and style boxes is nothing more than the creation of more things to COMPARE to, allowing clients to stay in a perpetual state of outrage.”
The major learning point is that chasing a "benchmark index" is a mistake because of the following reasons:
- The index contains no cash
- It has no life expectancy requirements - but you do.
- It does not have to compensate for distributions to meet living needs - but you do.
- It requires you to take on excess risk (potential for loss) to obtain equivalent performance - this is fine on the way up, but not on the way down.
- It has no taxes, costs or other expenses associated with it - but you do.
- It can substitute at no penalty – but you don’t.
- It benefits from share buybacks – but you don’t.
3) Your Financial Plan Says You Will Be Just Fine
One the biggest mistakes that investors make are in the planning assumptions for their retirement. I wrote on this idea in much detail recently:
“There is a massive difference between compounded returns and real returns as shown. The assumption is that an investment is made in 1965 at the age of 20. In 2000, the individual is now 55 and just 10 years from retirement. The S&P index is actual through 2014 and projected through age 100 using historical volatility and market cycles as a precedent for future returns.”
“While the historical AVERAGE return is 7% for both series, the shortfall between "compounded" returns and "actual" returns is significant. That deficit is compounded further when you begin to add in the impact of fees, taxes and inflation over the given time frame.
The single biggest mistake made in financial planning is NOT to include variable rates of return in your planning process.
4) If You're Not In, You're Missing Out
It is often stated that you should be invested in the markets because there has NEVER been a 10-year period that has produced negative returns for investors. That is simply not true.
There are two important points to take away from the data. First, is that there are several periods throughout history where market returns were not only low, but negative. Secondly, the periods of low returns follow periods of excessive market valuations.
In other words, it is vital to understand the “WHEN” you begin investing that affects your eventual outcome.
“The chart below compares Shiller's 10-year CAPE to 10-year actual forward returns from the S&P 500.”
“From current levels history suggest that returns to investors over the next 10-years will likely be lower than higher. We can also prove this mathematically as well as shown.
Capital gains from markets are primarily a function of market capitalization, nominal economic growth plus the dividend yield. Using John Hussman's formula we can mathematically calculate returns over the next 10-year period as follows:
(1+nominal GDP growth)*(normal market cap to GDP ratio / actual market cap to GDP ratio)^(1/10)-1
Therefore, IF we assume that GDP could maintain 4% annualized growth in the future, with no recessions, AND IF current market cap/GDP stays flat at 1.25, AND IF the current dividend yield of roughly 2% remains, we get forward returns of:
(1.04)*(.8/1.25)^(1/10)-1+.02 = 1.5%
But there're a "whole lotta ifs" in that assumption. More importantly, if we assume that inflation remains stagnant at 2%, as the Fed hopes, this would mean a real rate of return of -0.5%. This is certainly not what investors are hoping for.”
5) You Can’t Time The Market – Just Buy And Hold
There are no great investors of our time that "buy and hold" investments. Even the great Warren Buffett occasionally sells investments. Real investors buy when they see value and sell when value no longer exists.
While there are many sophisticated methods of handling risk within a portfolio, even using a basic method of price analysis, such as a moving average crossover, can be a valuable tool over the long term holding periods. Will such a method ALWAYS be right? Absolutely not. However, will such a method keep you from losing large amounts of capital? Absolutely.
The chart below shows a simple moving average crossover study. The actual moving averages used are not relevant, but what is clear is that using a basic form of price movement analysis can provide a useful identification of periods when portfolio risk should be REDUCED. Importantly, I did not say risk should be eliminated; just reduced.
Again, I am not implying, suggesting or stating that such signals mean going 100% to cash. What I am suggesting is that when "sell signals" are given that is the time when individuals should perform some basic portfolio risk management such as:
- Trim back winning positions to original portfolio weights: Investment Rule: Let Winners Run
- Sell positions that simply are not working (if the position was not working in a rising market, it likely won't in a declining market.) Investment Rule: Cut Losers Short
- Hold the cash raised from these activities until the next buying opportunity occurs. Investment Rule: Buy Low
The reason that portfolio risk management is so crucial is that it is not "missing the 10-best days" that is important; it is "missing the 10-worst days." The chart below shows the comparison of $100,000 invested in the S&P 500 Index (log scale base 2) and the return when adjusted for missing the 10 best and worst days.
Clearly, avoiding major drawdowns in the market is key to long-term investment success. If I am not spending the bulk of my time making up previous losses in my portfolio, I spend more time growing my invested dollars towards my long term goals.
Chasing A Unicorn
There are many half-truths perpetrated on individuals by Wall Street to sell product, gain assets, etc. However, if individuals took a moment to think about it, the illogic of many of these arguments are readily apparent.
Chasing an arbitrary index that is 100% invested in the equity market requires you to take on far more risk that you realize. Two massive bear markets over the last decade have left many individuals further away from retirement than they ever imagined. Furthermore, all investors lost something far more valuable than money - TIME needed to achieve their goal.
To win the long-term investing game, your portfolio should be built around the things that matter most to you.
- Capital preservation
- A rate of return sufficient to keep pace with the rate of inflation.
- Expectations based on realistic objectives. (The market does not compound at 8%, 6% or 4% every year, losses matter)
- Higher rates of return require an exponential increase in the underlying risk profile. This tends to not work out well.
- You can replace lost capital - but you can't replace lost time. Time is a precious commodity that you cannot afford to waste.
- Portfolios are time-frame specific. If you have a 5-years to retirement but build a portfolio with a 20-year time horizon (taking on more risk) the results will likely be disastrous.
The index is a mythical creature, like the Unicorn, and chasing it has historically led to disappointment. Investing is not a competition, and there are horrid consequences for treating it as such.
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1. Blah, Blah, Blah
2. Chart porn
3. Go to 1.
So why don't you show us your portfolio, Lance .
I've come to the conclusion that most investors understand what they're doing so poorly that the reason they don't show their portfolio's has nothing to do with privacy concerns... it's because they don't want to be embarassed at people seeing the shit they own.
Say you start with $1000. End of year one, a bad year, it's now worth only $500. Next year, a good year, value goes back up to $1000.
What's your rate of return (according to most sell-side sales literature)?
Hint: It's not zero. It's a substantially high positive number.
Year one return: -50%
Year two return: +100%
-.5 + 1 = .5; .5/2 = .25
Average return: + 25%; Cumulative return: 0%
Myth #6) The notion that what you're doing in these markets is investment, and not GAMBLING.
+infinity. If you can't touch it and defend it, it don't exist. Storing money in bank in digital form is gambling too...
professional gamblers make lots of money... amateurs always lose....
But, Lance....how is this gonna help the wirehouse guys to keep selling their shitty funds?? The sheeple that they suck dry need not know this Lance..
The biggest investing myth is that markets are free and fair. Had it not been for Fed intervention by printing trillions and intervening in markets to support them, US markets would be 70% lower.
US markets are held up by the fraud and corruption of the Fed. Companies borrow at virtually no cost to buy back their own stock leading to a bubble which cannot but not burst.
ZIRP and NIRP is about 15 Western economies while debt levels are sky-high and can never be repaid is a clear indication of the fraud that sustains the free and fair markets of the West.
What’s Pumping The Stock Bubble——$4.2 Trillion In Corporate Bond Issuance In Last 3 Yearshttp://davidstockmanscontracorner.com/whats-pumping-the-stock-bubble-4-2...
Here's some more meaningless BS from Wall Street:
http://www.businessinsider.com/meaningless-market-phrases-that-sound-sma...
The one I like the best, is when the market sells off on Friday, and the MSM pundits will say something like..."The market sold off today because nobody wanted to go home long over the weekend" Well this is BS. Because if you think about it, whoever didn't want to hold stocks over the weekend had to sell it to somebody, who obviously didn't mind holding the stocks over the weekend.
It might be news to the talking heads on CNBC, but All stocks have to be owned by someone, all the time. There are no exceptions.
7) Don't own stocks during September and October.
Not much logic to it, but historicly holds true.
this clown forgot the most important point why all so called investment "advisors" are wrongo:
THE MARKET IS RIGGED!
You are better off going to Vegas!
6) The market is based on the fundamentals of supply and demand
If you invest in a company that makes good money is growing and expanding. Then your investment will grow with the economy. Especially if the company pays a good dividend and the fundamentals are good. ETF's and mutual funds help you to reduce risk especially those run by professionals.
I can easily give you a couple of companies who's fundamentals are actually far better than most companies in the S&P 500 but are still invisible or heavily shorted in the market.
7) Efficient market hypothesis
Same as above I can give you entire industries that should absoultely be making money yet are heavily shorted by banksters in the futures market. Even when there is a severe shortage (copper) where the only way that other industries can get supplies is by actually buying it in the black market. Case in point.
Copper theft leaves thousands of subway riders strandedthis article is crap!
how many companies have survivEd 140 years.
The biggest problem for investers is avoiding the bankrupties.
THE INDICIES Are live, shit is ejected and new companies added.
outpreforming the indexes is tuff, which needs smart analysis.
The time I could have begun investing in the market with my own money was 1999.
I don't think investing at that time would have been a wise buy and hold strategy.
When I come across a "buy and hold" type, I suddenly revert to being "Corky's dad", and tell them to "be strong" and "stay true to what you believe in", before I turn away and shed a sad tear for their handicap and lack of an ability to understand it.
Unless there is a better option available, the actual rate of return isn't really that important. Despite the information presented here, which I do not dispute, the stock market still remains a better alternative than just about anything else accessible to the average investor. Now, if you have the technical proficiency to do really well as a day trader or a real estate investor or you want to invest five or ten years of your life and mortgage your future to build a successful business then perhaps you can do better. But, very few people have the skill or the drive to pursue these options.
Whether the return is 10% or 6%, if you save as much as you possibly can, and invest it in low cost diversified funds, you'll be doing better than if you spent the money on cable tv or a nice expensive car with satellite radio in it. Even if the whole of corporate america is morally benkrupt and incapable of getting anything right they still have the money to buy the political outcome that will let them survive and get rich anyway. If we learned anything from the 2008 financial crisis this is the lesson, an investment in corporate America will pay off in the long run because they can buy everyone's money (direct from the treasury) at a very favorable rate (near zero) and then invest it in just about any stupid thing. That's a busines model!
You cannot beat the market, but you recommend technical analysis? You don't know what you are talking about. You cannot beat the market implies buy and hold and don't try anything else. Who are these people posting these articles?