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Joel Salatin: How to Prepare for A Future Increasingly Defined By Localized Food & Energy
Submitted by Chris Martenson
Joel Salatin: How to Prepare for A Future Increasingly Defined By Localized Food & Energy
Joel Salatin, proprietor of Polyface Farms and highly-visible champion of sustainable farming, thinks modern humans have become so far removed from a natural connection to the food they eat, that we no longer have a true understanding of what "normal" food is.
The rise of Big Ag and factory farming over the past century has conditioned us to treat food mechanically (as something to be recoded and retooled) vs biologically. And we don't realize that for all our industrialization and optimization, we're actually getting less yield and less nutrition than natural-based processes can offer.
Whether we like it or not, the arrival of peak oil is going to force us to realize that our heavily-energy intensive practices can't continue at their current scale. And with world population still increasing exponentially, we'll need to find other, more sustainable, ways of growing our food.
"What we view today as "normal" I argue is simply not normal. Just think about if you wanted to go to town 120 years ago. If you wanted to go to town you actually had to go out and hook up a horse. That horse had to eat something, which means you had to have a patch of grass somewhere to feed that horse which meant you had to take care of some perennial in order to feed that horse in order to go to town. And so throughout history, you had these kinds of what I call ‘inherent boundaries’ or brakes on how much a single human could abuse the ecology.
And today, during this period of cheap energy, we’ve been able to extricate ourselves from that entire umbilical, if you will, and just run willy-nilly as if there is no constraint or restraint. And now we are starting to see some of the outcome of that boundless, untied progression. And so the chances are, the way to bet, is that in the future we are going to see more food localization, we are going to see more energy localization, we are going to see more personal responsibility in ecological lifestyle decisions because it's going to be forced on us to survive economically. We are going to have to start taking some accounting of these ecological principles."
Joel, his family, and the team at Polyface Farms dedicate themselves to developing environmentally, emotionally and economically-enhanced food prototypes and advocate for duplicating their production around the world.
In this interview, Chris and Joel explore what constitutes truly sustainable agriculture and the reasons why our current system has departed so far from it, as well as practical steps individuals can take to increase their own personal resiliency around the food they eat (in short: "find your kitchen", source your food locally, and grow some yourself).
Click here to listen to Chris' interview with Joel Salatin (runtime 44m:15s):
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Thank you for sharing your ignorance with us. Way deep into these comments and there you are. How important it is for you to get this higly salient point across, that NOTHING peaks- WOW!
Do yourself a favor and catch Dr. Albert Bartlett's presentation if you want to educate yourself (he clearly notes the associations between growth, energy and populations)- it's not rocket science, and, further, it's NOT a conspiracy (unless you believe that simple math is one big conspiracy).
I have been mulling over the global population growth and peak food for a while, I am expecting a 20% YoY growth in food prices because of this.
However the Mother of all bubbles is The human race bubble, Sustainable farming is good without question and I am looking into growing my own but the problem at the end of the day is population growth and the Laws of nature can be bent but not broken and one year nature will do its thing as it does with all imbalances and unless something like Chinas 1 child thing becomes global The human race bubble will pop like the Tulip bubble.
A fool and his village are soon parted.............I plan on sustaining my appetite for burgers and fries with energy from the fossilized remains of the 'wind bags of academia'. Does anyone in the pristine world of hyperbole doom and gloom academia ever visit a science or engineering lab. I guess they think that all they're doing is planting revolutionary discontent and pot like every other libtard moron.
Oh, you mean the current oil-driven science lab? Yeah, I've worked in one for over 20 years. Totally dependent on cheap oil plastics, a real Achilles heel if our procurement of imports meets geo-political risk. Nothing to see here, move along..
I hereby bestow upon you a Darwin Award (http://www.darwinawards.com/)!
I saw the writing on the wall in fall of 2007. Started big plans. I'm fairly rural (48 miles to nearest metropolitan/city area). I have a bit under 10 acres, and I sit between a 90 acre soybean field and a 240 acre corn field.
This is year 4 of "the food plan" - 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011.
Being a lazy kind of guy, I wanted to ensure the most calories for the least amount of work. Veggie gardens require a shit-ton of work. Every year, as they die off each winter. Nope. That's too much work. Sure we have a large veggie garden, and have done so every year since we moved into this place (over 10 years ago), but to ramp that up to be self-sustainable and produce all of our food needs would be way too much work.
Enter "The Perennial Food Plan".
The orchard, this year, is now starting to fruit. Some of the trees don't produce for 5-7 years. Buying 3-year old trees from the nursery still leaves a few years to go. Hence, starting as soon as I saw the problem in late 2007 early 2008. I now have an orchard of over 100 fruit trees. There are 10 to 12 each of various cultivars of Apples, Pears, Peaches, Plums, Apricots, Sour Cherries, Sweet Cherries, Mulberries, PawPaws and Elderberries. I'm keeping most of the trees small (you can keep 'em as small as you want - think how the Bonsai Tree guys do things), small - so I don't need ladders, cherry-pickers, and equipment to keep up. As such I won't (like the commercial growers) get 12-15 bushels of apples per tree. I'll be lucky to get 2 or 3 bushels per tree at the size I'm keeping them, but with expected low yields and the number of trees I have, I expect several *thousand* pounds of food from my small orchard. So far it takes less than 4 days (30-ish hours) spread throughout the year to care for 'em. Tell me where else you can get thousands of pounds of food for 4 days of work?
When's the best time to start an orchard? Ten years ago. Get started now. Even if you live in suburbia you've got room for at least a dozen semi-dwarf or dwarf sized specimens that can produce several hundred pounds of free and healthy food.
Got orchard? Check!
Next was the vinyard. Haven't started the wine grapes yet - only the table/eating grapes, but in those 4 years I've set up 400 ft of trellise - basically 4x6 posts with heavy guage wire hanging between 'em, and a few t-posts every 20 ft or so for support. I currently have 7 each of Thompson Seedless, Blueberry Grape, Summer Royal, Crimson, Red Flame, Reliance, and a couple others I can't remember the names on. Those were put in last year. No grapes last year. Had grapes start this year but cut 'em all off this year to promote vine and root establishment. Will let them fruit next year. I expect 10 to 12 pounds of grapes per vine. Do the math. There's another 500 or so pounds of food. So far, the grapes have taken less than 1 day of work per year - but I haven't let them fruit yet so no idea how long harvest will take. Maybe another full days work for harvest and 2 or 3 days for drying/processing (raisins!)
Got vinyard? Check!
200 row feet of blackberries, 200 row feet of raspberries. Both are producing well, however we're losing raspberries faster than we can propagate. They don't like our extremely wet spring and get water-logged and die off. The ones that live, we propagate so we can have more next year, but they require too much work. Thinking about giving up on the raspberries altogether - too much work. Blackberries - keepers. Raspberries- not so much.
Got brambles? Check!
Asparagus bed went in way back in 2008. Just this year started harvesting. There's 160 of those suckers and I took about 3/4 lb from each plant this spring. Will be able to take more as they mature and strengthen, toppiing out at (hopefully) double that. Call it 200 lbs of food for 4 hours of work.
Got Asparagus? Check!
Seeing a pattern yet? All of these things keep producing, year after year, season after season. There's very little up front work, and even less day-to-day year-to-year maintenance and the payoff is huge. HUGE!
100 blueberry bushes - 50 each of Bluray and 50 each of BlueCrop. Started with 4 of each in 2008 and propagate my own. Took first harvest this year. Bit disappointing given the space allocated - forgot to weigh harvest but would estimate 20 lbs of blueberries. Most aren't producing fruit yet, but are producing next year's expansion. Concentrating on propagation rather than production at this point in time.
This year I added 100 row ft of Red Currant (20 plants). 100 row ft of White Currant(20 plants). 100 row feet of Gooseberries. 4 "Chicago Hardy" fig trees (the only thing that will survive the winter in my colder climate.) If they do well over the winter, will propagate over the next few years to about 20-25 of 'em.
Next year I am adding (have already ordered for Spring delivery) Honeyberries (a fruiting honeysuckle variant with blueberry-like fruit) and starting on the nut trees. It will be over 10 years before the nut trees start producing, but ... better late than never.
Learn to propagate your own. We bought 4 blackberry bushes and in under 4 years have turned those into 100 plants. Ditto blueberries, ditto raspberries - while I haven't done the grapes yet, folks say it's just as easy. We don't do the trees as buying the 3-year old saplings gives us a much needed head start. Once everything is established and producing I will likely try propagating our own trees.
It doesn't get any more localized than this - right in my back yard.
Would suggest any of you that can (even if you've only got the 1/3 acre subdivision/suburban yard) to get started too. Some of this stuff takes years to get going. The earlier you start the better.
Nice work, man. Similar situation here, but I found a lot of perenialls are also a lotta work to keep weeded. That yearly killoff of the annuals aint' all bad you know. Where I live (SW VA) orchards are common. Problem with no rotation is, all the pests get an easy target, and they all know where to look, so you wind up doing pest control work a lot -- you'll see if you haven't already. But it's good to know I ain't doing it all by myself, keep it up!
==> I found a lot of perenialls are also a lotta work to keep weeded.
Not sure I fully understand that. After the third year, virtually no weeds to bother with. First year absolutely sucked with weeding. Second year not so much. Third year virtually nothing and this year virtually nothing.
Once you've got most of the weeds out (1st year), there's nothing producing more seeds. By the next year since you kept the weeds down the first year, there are no new weed seeds and all you've got is two year old weed seeds already in the ground, and with much lower germination rates. By the third year virtually nothing germinates.
Sure, you still get a few stragglers blown in by the wind and shat out by the birds, but if you're still doing heavy weeding by the third year, you're doing something very wrong.
That first year I was going out once a week and weeding, tilling, hoeing (and yes, when work demands left little time, even spraying ) to kill the weeds.
The second year it was once a month, and their were maybe 10% the number of weeds the first year.
The third year still once a month and there were maybe 1% of the number of weeds the first year.
This year I've been out twice since April to weed - call it every 3 months, and only pulled out a handful of weeds across several acres.
I would think you're doing something wrong.
You have to be diligent and *thorough*. Letting one blade of crabgrass go to seed head can dump about 600 seeds in the surrounding area. For some weeds it's one seed head = thousands or tens of thousands of seeds. If you let just one or two go, you could be starting all over again every year. Don't. Do. That.
You are correct, but may I ask if you used much mulch?
Also, I recommend the "haskap"honeyberries from the university of saskatchewan(They also have really nice hardy dwarf sour cherry trees, check them out, I don't know how you would get them to Chicago though.)
Oh, and if you are in a cold climate, check this guy out.
http://earthshelteredsolarcanadian.blogspot.com/
My next project.
==> but may I ask if you used much mulch?
I have a brother-in-law who runs a stable that boards 63 horses at the nearby State Park (park's full of trails and folks like to board their horses near the trail head).
63 horses produce more manure than any 12 back-yard gardens can use - even large ones like mine.
I don't mulch, per se - but I do not use any chemical fertilizer. I have all the free fertilizer in the form of horse manure that I could ever use. Fertilizing with manure serves, I suppose, both purposes. I don't intentionally mulch, but the very act of covering the beds with my manure fertilizer also mulches them with a couple of inches of straw from the stall bedding where the manure is collected.
Folks say "Don't use horse manure" - they don't have the stomachs of cows, and seeds inevitably survive and spread weeds if you use horse manure. I've been at this for years now and haven't seen that at all. Chalk that one up to urban legend (Rural legend?).
Horse poop is excellent, excellent fertilizer. Better than cow in terms of nutrient balance.
In the city, you know who has horses? Cops.
Careful! Of course, know the source of your horse...
http://orange.ces.ncsu.edu/files/library/68/Herbicide%20Carryover.pdf
Ah K gotcha, did you check out the cherry trees? I don't know where you would get them retail, but these guys propogate them and sell them to farms/orchards.
http://www.prairieplant.com/dwarf-sour-cherries.html
http://www.cherryproducers.com/PDF/posterADF.gif
Well done. Also known as Permaculture. MiiU, a Resilient Community Wiki, by Global Guerillas, is putting up a site on such:
http://www.miiu.org/wiki/Permaculture
http://www.miiu.org/wiki/Permaculture_gardening
"Ferris, you're my hero!"...actually that's quite impressive. I still have heavily wooded acreage but I'm expanding 'in betwixt' the natural foliage and have dozens and dozens of seeded citrus varieties spread across the property from old groves. I've added grapes, kiwis, bananas, pineapple, blackberries(thornless), raspberries(you're right, they're a bitch), apples, peaches, mints, stevia, avocados, strawberries, 70+ blueberries in barrels/hugelkultur beds, potatoes/sweet potatoes, etc. on top of aquaculture beds of greens, herbs, and so on. I have compost beds of primarily horse puckeys(and sorry, yes they throw off the worst weeds) as well as composted wood material, brown/green mixes, and I make compost teas 300 gal's at a time with input from my worm beds, compost, and sugars from cane back in the pond bed, I feed the whole dang place. I will continue with the food forest pursuit as long as possible because it feels right, feeds me, and continues on it's own once kick-started. Done right, pests are seldom a major problem. I've read and studied Mollison, Fukuoka, etc. I'm open to most anything useful in the realm of anti-academics these days. BTW, blues want that acidic soil. I'm getting 2-3lbs. per plant on organics, commercial is 5-6. Citric acid or if non-organic, sulfur, keeps them happy. I have plenty of pine needle mulch plus citrus if needed. All in all a bit of work, but the rewards are tasted in every bite...
Skyscraper Farms Bitchez....
This article about skyfarming was written 4 years ago, you think anyone is doing this?
http://nymag.com/news/features/30020/
I didn't surrender, but they took my horse and made him surrender. They have him pulling a wagon up in Kansas I bet.
Eric (Place)Holder's been busy - running guns, raiding the factories of donors to political opponents, and now busting-up a murger that would (allegedly) have created about 5K jobs in the USA.
http://news.cnet.com/8301-13506_3-20099776-17/justice-dept-to-block-at-t...
Cloward-Piven, folks. Anyone else need convincing?
dont worry Obama has the answers ........
http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Solyndra-Shutting-Down-128802718.html
A hint for the folks that want to try their own growing-- It ain't easy-- if you take the time to read these pages you may not have time to farm--(thats any kind of farming) If your damned sure you can do it--then start with a couple of bee hives-- If you stick it out you'll end up with maybe ten triples and have two or more gallons of honey from each--- it will give you a taste of the farm life and wean you off sugar-- the most used Agrobiz product in the US-- get off of corn syrup--
Once in full swing, fossil fuel consumption has accelerated at phenomenal rates. All the fossil fuels used before 1900 would not last five years at today's rates of consumption.
Nowhere are these rates higher and growing faster than in the United States. Our country, with only 6% of the world's population, uses one third of the world's total energy input; this proportion would be even greater except that we use energy more efficiently than other countries. Each American has at his disposal, each year, energy equivalent to that obtainable from eight tons of coal. This is six times the world's per capita energy consumption. Though not quite so spectacular, corresponding figures for other highly industrialized countries also show above average consumption figures. The United Kingdom, for example, uses more than three times as much energy as the world average.
With high energy consumption goes a high standard of living. Thus the enormous fossil energy which we in this country control feeds machines which make each of us master of an army of mechanical slaves. Man's muscle power is rated at 35 watts continuously, or one-twentieth horsepower. Machines therefore furnish every American industrial worker with energy equivalent to that of 244 men, while at least 2,000 men push his automobile along the road, and his family is supplied with 33 faithful household helpers. Each locomotive engineer controls energy equivalent to that of 100,000 men; each jet pilot of 700,000 men. Truly, the humblest American enjoys the services of more slaves than were once owned by the richest nobles, and lives better than most ancient kings. In retrospect, and despite wars, revolutions, and disasters, the hundred years just gone by may well seem like a Golden Age.
Whether this Golden Age will continue depends entirely upon our ability to keep energy supplies in balance with the needs of our growing population. Before I go into this question, let me review briefly the role of energy resources in the rise and fall of civilizations.
FOR RELEASE AT 7:00 P.M. TUESDAY, MAY 14, 1957
Remarks Prepared by
Rear Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, USN
Chief, Naval Reactors Branch
Division of Reactor Development
U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
and
Assistant Chief of the Bureau of Ships for Nuclear Propulsion
Navy Department
For Delivery at a Banquet of the Annual Scientific Assembly of
the Minnesota State Medical Association
St. Paul, Minnesota
May 14, 1957
http://www.energybulletin.net/node/23151
click the link above to read the entire speech, its well worth your time. There was a window of opportunity, and some understood what the future would hold.
All good points! This will be the root cause of the change to our standard of living. Bring our current per capita energy consumption more into line with what Europe/Asia uses and then you will get a good idea of where our 'style' of living is going.
true, very true, the curve eventually returns to the mean. I'm just amazed that someone as capable and powerful as a Naval Admiral knew and understood the ramifications of peak oil, back in 1957 and still nothing was done.
Hyman Rickover, if he wrote his own speech, was able to express himself succintly, yet powerfully, as he explained peak oil in common terms and gave it historical perspective. The fact that for most of the history of humanity, most of the power to do the work of society was done by men and women is signifacant and must be understood by everyone. Slavery is suddenly more understandable, when it was the only way to obtain more energy, though it is still not any less reprehensible.
If one puts this into perspective, it seems to support the idea that nothing will be done to stop the ineveitable economic collapse caused by peak oil and its increasing expense on the entire economy. If powerful men understood the situation over 50 years ago, and yet nothing was done, why should we conclude anything has changed?
Now might be a good time to learn a trade that doesn't require a lot of power tools. If the last 150 years was an energy bubble, when it pops the depression will be not only severe, but very very very long.
You generalize a little bit too much when you say, "modern humans". People are still close to the land in 3rd world countries.
Yup! 2/3 of the world's population lives on the equiv of $3/day or less. Middle-class western cultures are an historical abnormality.
hey, i just pulled up 25 pounds of potatoes two five gallon buckets of tomatoes and tomatillos and a scad of peppers from a hillside that just last year was a combination of grasses,cacti, and various weeds. we put up a hoop house last January and were eating fresh kale lettuce and spinach every night for months. we are getting two/three gallons of goats milk every day which we make into several kinds of cheese. we're still eating lamb and goat from last year. i'm putting up 30 pints of salsa today. and we had a severe drought for a good portion of the summer.fortunately we have a friend in the hay business or we'd be out of luck for the winter feed. no grass hay around at all thanks to the drought. we'll be picking up 200 bales next month we have no running water (we haul our own and catch from the barn roofs) or electricity except from solar panels. we recently had to bring out some firepower to drive away some bears that were trying to break into the pig pen. and i find rattlesnakes in the kale. hey life is good out of the city and off the grid.
Don't the Amish only produce about 1/4 of the food per acre, compared to modern farms?
You will need to put every square foot of soil into production if you move away from oil based farming, and if you don't use pesticides and herbicides, hope for the best, while spending every single daylight minute picking bugs off the plants, or pulling weeds.
That is not my definition of on idyllic lifestyle.
another alternative can be summarized in just 3 words man. "who rule bartertown?".
It's not really about idylic, its about a sustainable life style, food on the table and a sense of accomplishment and the personal strength of knowing you can indeed provide for yourself in the face of adversity.
I would advise anyone intersted in gardening or farming, whether hobby or for sustenance, to start small and test both their knowledge and abilities and the limits of their soil and climate. Better to fail on a small scale than face plant on a truly epic scale.
Plants differ quite broadly on their needs and the amount of crops they produce based on the amount of efforts and fertilizer needed. Its is only by getting your hands dirty, that you will really understand what works on your land and what doesn't.
You can scale up once you know what will grow, and what you want to grow. The idea of learning vegative propagation is invaluable, growing from cuttings can save a tremendous amount of money.
While not part of my vegetable garden, I have managed to produce 10 japanese maple trees from seedlings as well as a dozen boxwood shrubs. As a financial cost alone just these 2 projects have saved me close to five hundred dollars and give me a real sense of pride when I look at my yard and know what I accomplished with the help of mother nature.
Idylic? No, but the rewards are immense. Someone once said "nothing worth having occurs without effort" and it was never more true than in gardening/farming.
But folks like Salatin and the Amish can keep producing when the diesel doesn't flow - unlike "modern" farms.
"Idyllic" or not, sustainable homesteading it IS an actual "LIFEstyle" rather than the slow-motion overshoot/disaster we're looking at due to our reliance on oil and failure to act on the consiquences of its decline.
Korps, say it isn't sooooo! So you like the subsidy-driven, corporate food control, eh? Food control=Pop. control.
At any rate you strengthen the argument for self-sustainability: it doesn't take crazy food production levels to succeed, as you pointed out re: the Amish..
Not at all. I just prefer using a tractor to oxen. The old lady aint' sturdy enough to pull a plow. If I have to convert to alcohol, half the weight of the tractor will be cooling system.
I dig the "idea" of local farming, but you realize the world will suffer a die-off if we do that suddenly.
Alcohol doesn't require any additional cooling other than a typical internal combustion engine would use, unless that cooling is for alcohol you'll be drinkng while plowing. Seriously all you need is to check the hoses are not susceptible to disolution by alcohol and change your timing.
I have to admit that I prefer a diesel motor to hooves as well, unless we're talking the freezer.. But we're painting two different pics. I'm talking a hyperinflation scare or a supply chain scare that wakes people up to producing some of their own food. Would take a hell of a lot of the demand off the 'total dependency' system we got going on right now. I think it would decrease the risk of that die off..
When food production profits begin to catch cannibis profits, watch out.
A hydro revolution, cool kids talk about ph, npk ratios and bugs.
Some begin to tinker with 24hr growing, via Rauber, and genetic equivalence. Maybe we will splice some thc into the food system...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NnycizKw04s&feature
Uploaded by AlJazeeraEnglish on Mar 18, 2010
A high-tech portable vegetable farm designed and built in Japan will soon be heading to Qatar.
The innovative project is part of an effort by the desert gulf state to find ways to tackle its food security problem and grow more at home.
Al Jazeera's Harry Fawcett reports from Tokyo.
_____________________________________________________
anyone with a name like that has to be GREAT!!
Big cities will become unsustainable hell holes--get out while you can.
No they won't.
Local production of organic food and clean renewable energy is the immediate future. Whether the sheeple want it or not, they will be forced to resort to this model or they are going to starve. Pure and simple.
As I wrote in my recent article "Liquid Sunshine," making alcohol on a small scale production (10 acres and less) is a means of both producing a clean renewable energy (forget all those myths and lies you know about alcohol production, they are all untrue) and organic food (including fish). See www.LiquidEnergyOasis.com for more information.
A man in Milwaukee, WI is already producing over 1 million pounds of organic food including fish on just 3 acres of land in greenhouses in an URBAN location (www.growingpower.org). If his group made alcohol using small scale production, they would produce even MORE organic food and much QUICKER because vegetables grow faster and bigger in an enriched CO2 enironment (the other main byproduct of alcohol production). AND they would have a clean renewable energy grown and produced locally.
Right now, permaculture, grow biointensive, organic farming all lack one key vital ingredient: locally grown energy.
The approximate cost of making the alcohol is around $1 per gallon, depending on what types of feedstocks they use. One can use almost any crop or plant that makes sugar and/or starch. Even production waste products like bread, candy, wine, fruits, etc. The distillation machine costs around $10,000 USD for a fully automated unit that produces around 3-5,000 gallons per year. Or you can make a manual unit by oneself for around $1,000 to $3,000 USD, depending on production capacity and whether or not one has a stainless steel welder as a free helper and/or partner.
www.LiquidEnergyOasis.com.
I like the concept, but i would imagine the price of alcohol production is also predicated on the energy cost of boiling the wort to distill the alcohol. Gas is commonly used for heating large volumes of liquid, for the near future gas prices are flat, but as oil price goes up, gas will be substituted where feasible, causing a rise in gas use and demand, and therefore price.
Alcohol production is a perfect local production material. It can use surplus or damaged fruit and other crops to produce a clean product that can be drunk or burned. It is expensive to transport long distances due to bulk and a tendency to acquire water from the air, but it is perfect for a local product that is consumed within a reasonable time frame.
Permaculture is a growing trend, perhaps one day we will judge each other on the amount of food we can grow per acre, rather than how much weatlth we can make trading paper.
Ultimately the "sheeple" aren't the problem. Centralized production serves a powerful minority, and that is true whether the ideological system is capitalism, fascism or communism. One of the underlying myths of modern society is that bigger is more efficient and thus better for all. Due to corruption and theft, this is decidedly untrue.
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