Submitted by John Aziz of Azizonomics [4]
The Mathematicization Of Economics
If one thing has changed in the last one hundred years in economics it has been the huge outgrowth in the usage of mathematics:
[5]
[6]
This is largely a bad development, for a number of reasons.
First of all layers of mathematics acts as a barrier to public understanding. While mathematics is a useful language for communicating complex ideas, those without training in mathematics will struggle to grasp what an author is trying to communicate if a paper consists mostly of equations untranslated into English. This is bad practice; it is easier to baffle with bullshit in an unfamiliar language than it is in plain English.
Second, mathematical models are always simplifications. Human action and economic behaviour is complex and unpredictable. While mathematical models can sometimes approximate a pattern quite well and so have some limited uses as toys, the complexity of human behaviour means that there are always unmodelled variables that can throw off a model’s output. Over-reliance upon or excessive faith in mathematical models can lead to bad forecasting [7] and bad policy decisions [8]. The grand theoretical-mathematical approach to economics is fundamentally flawed.
Third, attempting to smudge the human reality of economics into cold mathematical shackles is degenerative. Economics is a human subject. Human behaviour is not mechanical, it is not mechanistic. Physicists can very accurately model the trajectories of rocks in space. But economists cannot accurately model the trajectories of prices, employment and interest rates down on the rocky ground.
Economics would benefit from self-restraint in regard to the usage of mathematics. Alfred Marshall [9] made some useful suggestions:
- Use mathematics as shorthand language, rather than as an engine of inquiry.
- Keep to them till you have done.
- Translate into English.
- Then illustrate by examples that are important in real life
- Burn the mathematics.
- If you can’t succeed in 4, burn 3. This I do often.
I hope the blowout growth in mathematics in economics is a bubble that soon bursts.