The Russian central bank acquired another 300,000 ounces worth $390 million in July. Russia's gold reserves rose to 35.5 million troy ounces in July from 35.2 million troy ounces in June, the central bank said on its website on today. The value of Russia’s holdings declined marginally to $46.11 billion as of August 1 from $46.29 billion a month ago due to gold’s recent small price fall.
Russia continues to accumulate gold in an effort to bolster the ruble and be prepared for a deepening of currency wars.
Russian central bank acquired another 300,000 ounces worth $390 million in July
Yesterday, we reported on China’s intent to become a global gold hub and key player in gold price discovery. Another important player in the gold market at the moment is Russia. Their intentions are not as ambitious of those of China. However, Russia sees gold as a valuable monetary asset that will protect the ruble in the continuing currency wars.
This is why, Russia has been one of the largest buyers of gold in recent months (see chart) - largest sovereign buyer and one of the largest buyers in general. Although we do not know how much gold the People’s Bank of China is quietly accumulating.
Russia now looks set to become the world’s second largest producer of gold, after China and surpassing current world number two gold producer Australia.
Mining Weekly [5] reports that
“The Gold Royalty Response Group (GRRG) has warned that Russia could replace Australia as the world’s second-largest gold producer if it met production forecasts by the Gold Industrialists’ Union.
The Russian lobby group estimates that the country could increase its output to some 275 t during 2014, as the industry boosted production by 26.6% during the first half of the year.
GRRG spokesperson and MD of gold miner Silver Lake Resources Les Davis pointed out that gold exploration in Western Australia had dropped by some 50%, as profit margins in the sector continued to narrow.
“The big increase in Russian gold production comes at the same time as gold producers in Western Australia are putting exploration on hold,” Davis said.
“Almost two-and-a-half years ago the Western Australian government launched a review of the royalties paid for mineral commodities, including gold. High operating costs in Western Australia and low gold prices have made the sector increasingly marginal so most gold producers have put exploration on hold as they wait for the outcome of the review.”
Davis said the state’s gold miners were confronting an increasingly competitive global market and could not sustain any further cost increases.
“Our industry has been a mainstay of the Western Australian economy for more than a century, but we can’t compete if we continue to face increased cost burdens. We pay our fair share of taxes and royalties and we are competing in a very tough global market.”
The GRRG recently launched a social campaign to highlight the vital contribution made by the gold industry in an effort to sway public opinion on an increase in gold royalties.
The state government was currently undertaking a royalty review, which was expected to be completed by the end of 2014.”
Russia values its gold and this is one of the reasons that it bans gold exports and all gold production in Russia is bought and used in Russia itself - including by the Russian central bank.
The decline in gold production in Australia has been blamed on royalties and gold’s falling price in recent years. Yet, there is a real possibility that Australia, like many other gold producing countries, may have reached “peak gold.”
Geological constraints and the inability to find new sizeable gold ore deposits and the exhaustion of existing ore deposits had led to falling production in other large gold producing nations. Indeed some such as South Africa have seen sharp declines (see chart).
Recently, the decline in South African gold production was attributed to national electrical issues, power outages and industrial unrest. However, the scale of the decline at a time when gold prices has risen since 2001 and there has not been a corresponding decline in base metals mined in South Africa suggests that geological constraints may be leading to lower gold production.
Peak oil is a phenomenon familiar in the popular consciousness – peak gold is a phenomenon yet to be understood.
Peak gold is the date at which the maximum rate of global gold extraction is reached, after which the rate of production enters terminal decline. The term derives from the Hubbert peak of a resource.
South African Gold Production Continues To Plummet
Unlike oil and silver, which is destroyed in use, gold can be reused and recycled. However, unlike oil, gold is money, a store of value and a foreign exchange reserve and gold is slowly being remonetised in the global financial system and indeed may soon play a role in a new international monetary system.
In 2009, Barrick CEO Aaron Regent claimed that global production had peaked in 2000.
He told the Daily Telegraph newspaper at the RBC's annual gold conference in London that "there is a strong case to be made that we are already at 'peak gold'."
"Production peaked around 2000 and it has been in decline ever since, and we forecast that decline to continue. It is increasingly difficult to find ore," he said.
Ore grades have fallen from around 12 grams per tonne in 1950 to nearer 3 grams in the US, Canada, and Australia. South Africa's output has halved since peaking in 1970.
Peak gold may not have happened in 2000. Nor may it have happened in 2011. However, the geological evidence suggests that it may happen in the near term due to the increasing difficulty large and small gold mining companies are having increasing their production.
It is also signalled in the fact that most of the larger gold producing countries -such as Australia, the U.S., South Africa, Canada, Peru, Indonesia - have all seen production drops in recent years.
China and Russia are the two only large producers to have seen significant gold production increases. As sizeable ore deposits that were left untapped during the Communist eras are mined today.
U.S. Annual Gold Production
Peak gold has yet to be considered and analysed by the international financial community or factored into markets. Western nations and South Africa have already reached peak gold. There is a real possibility that it will happen globally soon. This should lead to much higher gold prices in time and gold’s inflation adjusted high of $2,500 per ounce remains a realistic long term price target.
The fact that peak gold may take place at a time when the world is engaged in a peak fiat paper and electronic money creation experiment bodes very well for gold’s long term outlook
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