OPEC's Next Meeting Is A mere 11 days away...
On June 5, all eyes will be on OPEC as the group convenes in Vienna to discuss its course for the second half of 2015.
It will probably be straightforward with no change to the status quo but it could be dramatic.
The most bullish scenario that could occur would be for OPEC to reverse strategy and re-introduce production quotas.
The most bearish would be for OPEC to continue with no constraint at the same time as a nuclear agreement is reached allowing an unsanctioned Iran to re-enter the market at full throttle.
Not everyone is happy?
Remember that prior to the November meeting, Iran, Venezuela and (non-OPEC) Russia engaged in frenetic efforts to convince the group's Gulf leaders to cut output which went unheeded.
The facts are very clear. No OPEC country can meet its budgetary requirements at this price level without digging deep into reserves. OPEC members face a financial crisis. They are collectively $1.6 bn poorer at this point in the year compared to last year.
To put this in perspective, data shows that prices are south of what 10 out of OPEC's 12 members require for their annual budgets to break even. Qatar and Kuwait are exceptions, and Saudi Arabia holds $708 billion of reserves assets on which it can lean on for now.
So not suprisingly, from November to the present, officials from some of OPEC's non-Gulf member countries have voiced concerns over OPEC's Saudi-led market share strategy, as their economies feel the full brunt of lower prices which ironically may cause them to increase supply.
Saudi's oil exports accounted for 89% of the country's total revenue last year. The fall in oil prices is decreasing the value of these exports, leading to a potential budget shortfall. In its 2015 budget, Saudi plans to spend about $230 billion but expects to accrue in $190.7 billion in revenue, yielding an overall deficit of $38.6 billion. While the oil price assumption was not specified in the budget, it was calculated in December, when oil prices were between $55 and $70/bbl.
To maintain spending they will have no choice but to tap its $708 billion Sovereign Wealth Fund, which while enough for the short term it will not last forever when $50 billion is required to be drawn annually.
Is the strategy working??
However Saudi's market share defense strategy seems to be working. As Saudi Arabia's production rose to a record high US production growth has started to slow showing that the plan may have worked?
Saudi Vs US Rig Count
To judge success, its helpful to remember what the strategy coming out of the last meeting was exactly:
• Maintain production. This will continue to drive down prices. (Saudi has done just that, in fact saying it achieved record production of 10.3m barrels a day in April.)
• These lower prices will exert economic pressure on US producers who need higher prices to break even. (1Q earnings calls were replete with references to this reality as company management teams sought to explain their rationale for curtailing Capex, projects, and implementing headcount reductions.)
• If prices are driven down to $60/barrel, a fair portion of shale production becomes uneconomical. (WTI hit its low this cycle on March 17, at $43.46. Brent previously hit its low on January 13, at $45.59. These levels were well below the breakeven prices that analysts had assessed wherein unconventional drilling would be uneconomic. More importantly, however, the falling prices presaged a curtailment of existing activities, and the cash flow derived therefrom. Less cash flow = less investment = scaleback of activity.)
• With diminishing US shale production, OPEC will in the longer-term regain its clout in the global oil market. (Though the US is losing the market share battle, this does not immediately translate to a definitive "win" for OPEC.)
US Production Starting To Slow, But Companies Preparing To Ramp Up
The price of WTI increased over 40% from the low on the assumption that the glut is easing. As noted above, OPEC's May report said this response began at the end of the third week of March. Further, the IEA's monthly report projected US shale-oil output growth to slow by 80,000 bpd in May.
A recent Wall Street Journal report claiming that a paper has been prepared by the OPEC Secretariat which sees oil prices depressed for a decade and recommending the re-introduction of quotas vigorously denied. It is rare if not unprecedented to see such a strong denial from OPEC and it demonstrates the sensitivities that surround the next meeting. It is reasonable to assume that it is indicative of divided opinion as to how OPEC should respond to the price collapse.
Summing up there is nothing in the latest monthly reports from either OPEC or the EIA to suggest that the price fall has had a dramatic effect on global demand or non-OPEC supply. The crude supply excess was huge in 1Q and will continue to be huge in this quarter. Perhaps bulls can take some solace from the possibility that a lot of this excess has disappeared into Chinese strategic storage, never to re-appear. There is no way of being sure. Suffice it to say that last year global stocks built by an average of 900,000 bpd. This year they will grow by of the order of 1.5 mbpd.
The Meeting Before The Meeting
It is very important to note that the days leading up to the June 5 gathering have already been marked by busy travel schedules by both OPEC and non-OPEC representatives.
Russia's Energy Minister Alexander Novak said he and other Russian officials will meet with OPEC to discuss whether to adjust production on June 2-3, according to Bloomberg. Novak met with officials from Venezuela, Mexico and Saudi Arabia prior to the November meeting.
So What next?
Bullish fears of the risk of a cut combined with a retracement of the dollar has given the bulls the upper hand against facts and forecasts of oversupply. These factors supporting the upward momentum cannot be underestimated and could drive prices even higher in the immediate future.
The current situation feels very similar to the first half of last year when the numbers were overwhelmingly bearish yet prices defied gravity and kept rising. A big surplus in the physical markets and very high levels of speculative length are a toxic combination. The big difference to last year is that the price level is 40% lower.
Looking at the broader fundamental picture, however, I cannot help but compare the current price strength to the myth of Sisyphus, the king of Corinth. He was condemned by gods to ceaselessly rolling a rock to the top of a mountain only to see it roll back down to repeat this action forever. The top of the current bull mountain might not be close but unless there is a fundamental change in the physical supply/demand balance, the rock might start rolling back down shortly again just like it did in the second half of 2008 and 2014 only for the bulls to start the arduous uphill battle all over again.