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The End of Free-Market Capitalism and The U.S. Debt-for-Equity Swap

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by VBL
Tuesday, Aug 19, 2025 - 13:32

The U.S. Search for Investors

"Domestically, it is simply nationalizing businesses in a corporatist mindset. It is a move towards state controlled capitalism, like China. And it may work. It may be necessary, even if only temporarily. But that is exactly what it is. There is nothing free-market or democratic about it.

Authored by GoldFix, ZH Edit 

Contents

  1. The Loss of Bond Market Attraction
  2. Historical Precedent and the Postwar Model
  3. The Imperative to Retain Capital
  4. The Role of Foreign Direct Investment
  5. The End of Free-Market Capitalism
  6. Otherwise We “Adjust”

The Loss of Bond Market Attraction

If the United States can no longer attract sufficient foreign capital into its bond market, the ability to subsidize spending and investment comes under direct threat. Without new inflows, policymakers are left with limited choices. This Problem stated as an Either/Or proposal:

Failing to re-attract capital flows  in number 1 above necessitates Adjustments. The first adjustment option is to spend less, which requires belt-tightening and leads to a significant (possibly steep) decline in the standard of living, potentially resembling conditions of the Great Depression.

The second option is to monetize the debt. This would involve printing money to replace absent lenders, debasing the currency, and inflating away the problem. In this scenario, living standards decline slower over time (and more chronically) because the currency buys less, not because the government spends less.

The Third Way, The Proper Way

A third economic option (ironically this is actually the preferred one, yet has only begun to be discussed in recent years, after decades of being kicked down the road) remains: growing out of the debt. This is the path of retooling our economy to accommodate changing global dynamics.The dynamic that has changed is: Noone will lend us money under current terms, so we have to once again earn the money we spend now.

Growth requires the U.S. economy to produce goods and services the rest of the world demands at a premium to existing optiuons. This model envisions using investment to retool the economy so that it can accommodate the current/rising debt burden through innovation and output. This is what rebuilding a manufacturing base is, in essence. The USA needs to get off the couch, stop slacking, and create (get) a better paying job.

“Financially, we either borrow less and tighten our belts or we monetize the debt and debase the currency. Economically, We have to go to work”

Circling back for just a minute to describe how the USA attracted foreign money to its shores to begin with. Namely, how the USA attracted so much capital which it is now in danger of losing Restated: How the US attracts buyers of U.S. debt. This part is relevant as the method will be somewhat recycled to re-attract investment going forward, whether it be in the form of foreign bond purchases or direct investments.

 

Historical Precedent and the Postwar Model

After World War II, the United States created a closed loop with its trading partners. American manufacturing dominated initially, but as the country lost competitiveness due to higher domestic SOL and labor costs, production was outsourced abroad. The nations that received outsourced manufacturing (Japan, Germany etc) sold goods back to the U.S., and in return, they purchased U.S. Treasuries. As their Stanndards ofliving rose, other nations became the manufacturing bases (Korea, Taiwan etc). The system was reinforced by the dollar’s role as the currency of oil trade. China became the most notable participant in this model after Nixon’s deal with Mao leading to it eventually being integrated into the global economy as its biggest manufacturer, and a buyer of US Bonds. Now they want to renegotiate that deal. We need a new buyer of our debt who will loan us the money we’ve become accustom to borrowing. But…

“There may be ideal candidates, but it is more like a trading block: some from this guy, some from that guy.”

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